Sur les représentations galoisiennes modulo \(\ell\) attachées aux formes modulaires. (On Galois representations modulo \(\ell\) attached to modular forms) (Q915768)

The first main result of the paper is a proof of part of a conjecture of \textit{J.-P. Serre} [Duke Math. J. 54, 179-230 (1987; Zbl 0641.10026)]. More precisely, the author shows that if \(\ell \geq 5\) is a prime and \(\rho\) : Gal(\({\bar {\mathbb{Q}}}/{\mathbb{Q}})\to GL_ 2(\bar F_{\ell})\) is a continuous irreducible odd representation which ``gives rise to'' a normalized newform of weight 2 on \(\Gamma_ 0(M)\) with \(\ell \nmid M\) and trivial character, then \(\rho\) also ``gives rise to'' a normalized newform of weight 2 on \(\Gamma_ 0(N)\), where N is the Artin conductor of \(\rho\). Here ``to give rise to'' a newform g in \(S_ 2(\Gamma_ 0(M))\) essentially means that \(\rho\) is unramified outside \(\ell M\) and for each prime p with \(p\nmid \ell M\) the characteristic polynomial of \(\rho\) (Frob(p)) is equal to \(X^ 2-\bar a_ pX+\bar p\) where \(a_ p\) is the eigenvalue of g with respect to T(p) and the bar means ``reduction modulo \(\ell ''.\) The second main result of the paper is closely related to results of \textit{K. A. Ribet} about reducing the level of newforms which are attached to Galois representations [Invent. Math. 100, No.2, 431-476 (1990)].