Schrödinger-Operatoren für Teilchen mit Spin. B: Das Spektrum. (Schrödinger operators for particles with spin. B: The spectrum) (Q915996)

Given functions \(a,\xi,\eta: {\mathbb{R}}^ 3\to {\mathbb{R}}^ 3\) and \(U: {\mathbb{R}}^ 3\to {\mathbb{R}}\) which satisfy Stummel-type conditions, the author considers on \([C^{\infty}_ 0({\mathbb{R}}^ 3)]^ 2\) operators of the form \[ S:=(p+a)^ 2+U+\sigma (\eta +\xi \times p), \] where \(p:=(1/i)\nabla\) and the components of \(\sigma\) are the Pauli matrices. In a certain non-relativistic approximation such operators describe charge particles with spin 1/2 in an electromagnetic field. In an earlier paper [Abh. Math. Semin. Univ. Hamb. 56, 49-73 (1986; Zbl 0646.35016)] the author had given conditions which make S essentially selfadjoint and bounded from below [Neither is true for the Coulomb potential as the author has shown in Arch. Math. 38, 357-365 (1982; Zbl 0476.47031)]. The present paper addresses three problems, namely to find cases where \(\bar S\) has the half-line \([0,\infty)\) as its essential spectrum or infinitely many negative eigenvalues and to provide virial-type bounds on the point spectrum of \(\bar S.\) The idea is always to generalize standard theorems of the model case \(\xi =\eta =0\) to a more general situation. The author's style is somewhat straining and demands a devoted reader. Such a reader will take it that conditions a), c) and d) of assumption \((A_ 5)\) should hold uniformly with respect to directions and that condition b) had more adequately be replaced by the requirement that there be numbers \(C,R,\delta >0\) such that \(U(x)\leq -C| x|^{- 2+\delta}\) for \(x\in {\mathbb{R}}^ 3\) with \(| x| \geq R\) [cf. p. 156 of \textit{I. M. Glazman}, Direct methods of qualitative spectral analysis of singular differential operators (1965; Zbl 0143.365), p. 87 of \textit{M. Reed} and \textit{B. Simon}, Methods of modern mathematical physics. IV: Analysis of operators (1978; Zbl 0401.47001) or p. 325 of \textit{J. Weidmann}, Linear operators in Hilbert spaces (1980; Zbl 0434.47001)].