The symmetry of the Hubbard model (Q917182)

The author considers the so-called Hubbard model which describes the hopping of electrons and holes along a lattice with density-density interaction. More precisely, he studies the symmetry of the one- dimensional periodic model where 2N electrons are distributed among 2N sites. For symmetry operators independent of the coupling constant the spectrum of the Hubbard model shows permanent degeneracy of levels with different symmetries. This suggests the existence of symmetry operators which depend on the coupling constant. The author finds these nontrivial operators and shows that they explain the degeneracies in the energy spectrum.