On the existence and symmetry properties of finite total mass solutions of the Matukuma equation, the Eddington equation and their generalizations (Q917786)

The equations referred to in the title are \[ (1.1)\quad \Delta u+\frac{e^{2u}}{1+| x|^ 2}=0\quad (in\quad R^ 3),\quad (1.2)\quad \Delta u+\frac{u^ p}{1+| x|^ 2}=0\quad (in\quad R^ 3) \] and \(\Delta u+H(x)e^{2u}=0\) (in \(R^ n\), \(n\geq 3)\), \(0\leq H(x)\) locally Hölder (1.1.1). The authors study equation (1.2) for \(u(x)=u(| x|)=u(r)\), with conditions \(u(0)=\alpha\), \(u_ r(0)=0\), and show that if \(1<p<5\), there is an \(\alpha^*>0\) for which the solution is positive in \(0\leq r<\infty\) and has finite total mass, i.e. \[ \int_{R^ 3}\frac{1}{1+| x|^ 2}u^ p(| x|)dx<\infty (Theorem 1.1). \] They also show that for \(2<p<5\), every bounded positive entire solution u(x) of (1.2) with finite total mass is radially symmetric about the origin, \(u_ r<0\) for \(r>0\) and lim ru(r)\(=k>0\), \(r\to \infty\) (Theorem 1.2). Furthermore, if \(p\geq 5\), then every bounded entire solution of (1.2) has infinite total mass (Theorem (1.3). For equations (1.1) and (1.1.1), the results obtained are the following: If \[ \sup_{x\in R^ n}\int_{R^ n}\frac{H(y)dy}{n(n-2)\omega_ n| x-y|^{n-2}}dy<1/2e, \] (\(\omega\) \({}_ n\) \(=\) measure of unit ball in \(R^ n)\), then (1.1.1) possesses infinitely many positive entire solutions in \(R^ n\) (Theorem 1.4); and if (1.1.1) possesses at least one positive entire solution then \[ \frac{1}{n- 2}\int^{\infty}_{0}r\bar H_{x_ 0,p}(r)dr<1/2,\quad \bar H_{x_ 0,p}(r):=\{\frac{1}{n\omega_ nr^{n-1}}\int_{| x-x_ 0| =r}(H(r))^{1/1-p} dS)^{1-p}\}, \] must be satisfied for every \(x_ 0\in R^ n\) and \(p>1\) (Theorem 1.5). Extensive reference is made to previous works in these and related equations. In particular, an Appendix is devoted to the proof of a result on radial symmetry of positive entire solutions of \(\Delta u+f(| x|,u)=0\). This result is used in the proof of Theorems 1.2 and 1.3 above. References include 12 items.