Generalized analyticity in UMD spaces (Q917858)

Let G be a compact abelian group with dual group \(\hat G\) and let \(u\to R_ u\) be a strongly continuous representation of G on a Banach space X. Associated with each \(\gamma\in \hat G\), define \(E_{\gamma}:\;X\to X\) by \[ E_{\gamma}x=\int_{G}\gamma (u)R_ uxdu\quad (x\in X), \] where du denotes Haar measure on G and the integral exists as a Bochner integral. Then \(E_{\gamma}\) is a bounded projection which maps X onto the corresponding eigenspace \[ X_{\gamma}=\{x\in X:\;R_ ux=\gamma (u)x\text{ for all } u\in G\}. \] The injectivity of the Fourier transform implies, that the closed linear span of \(\{X_{\gamma}:\;\gamma \in \hat G\}\) is X and \(\cap \{\ker E_{\gamma}:\;\gamma \in \hat G\}=\{0\}.\) In the case when G is connected, then \(\hat G\) can be given a total ordering with respect to which it becomes an ordered group. Let \(\geq\) be any such ordering and define the subspaces \(X^+\), \(X^-\) of X by \(X^+\), the closed linear span of \(\{X_{\gamma}:\gamma\in \hat G\), \(\gamma\geq 0\}\) and by \(X^-\), the closed linear span of \(\{X_{\gamma}:\gamma\in \hat G\), \(\gamma <0\}\). Then the algebraic sum \(X^+\oplus X^-\) is dense in X. The main result of this paper is that \(X=X^+\oplus X^-\), when X has the unconditionality property for martingale differences, the so-called UMD space. Two techniques combine to give our extension of Bochner's theorem, namely the use of a generalization of the method of transference of \textit{R. R. Coifman} and \textit{G. Weiss} [Stud. Math. 47, 285-303 (1973; Zbl 0297.43010)] and the boundedness of the vector valued Hilbert transform for UMD spaces. We also indicate how to obtain a version of the homomorphism theorem for multipliers using transference. In the final section, we discuss briefly how the extension of Bochner's theorem can be refined in the case when X is a subspace of an \(L^ p\)-space \((1<p<\infty)\) and the operators \(R_ u\) (u\(\in G)\) are invertible isometries. For such X, the analytic projection of \(L^ p(T)\) onto \(H^ p(T)\) is extremal in the sense that it gives rise to the largest possible norm for the `analytic' projection \(E^+\) of X onto \(X^+\).