Novikov numbers (Q917990)

On a closed smooth manifold \(M^ n\), let there be given a rational Morse form \(\xi\), that is, a closed 1-form with nondegenerate singularities, the integrals of which over closed paths are commensurate. \textit{S. P. Novikov} proved in Russ. Math. Surv. 37, No.5, 1-56 (1982); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 37, No.5(227), 3-49 (1982; Zbl 0571.58001) an analog of the Morse-Smale inequalities \[ (1)\quad m_ i(\xi)\geq b_ i(M,\xi)+q_ i(M,\xi)+q_{i-1}(M,\xi) \] where \(m_ i(\xi)\) is the number of critical points of index i of the form \(\xi\) and \(b_ i(M,\xi)\), \(q_ i(M,\xi)\) are Novikov numbers. It was proved by \textit{S. P. Novikov} in Sov. Math., Dokl. 33, 551-555 (1986); translation from Dokl. Akad.Nauk SSSR 287, 1321-1324 (1986; Zbl 0642.58016) and by \textit{A. V. Pazhitnov} in Sov. Math., Dokl. 35, 456-457 (1987); translation from Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 293, 1305-1307 (1987; Zbl 0647.57025)] that the numbers \(b_ i(M,\xi)\) for the case \(\pi_ 1(M)={\mathbb{Z}}\) are the ranks of the homology groups \(H_ i^{\rho}(M,{\mathbb{C}})\) in a general position representation \(\rho\) : \(\pi\) \({}_ 1(M)\to {\mathbb{C}}^*\), i.e., in a representation differing from the singular representations the number of which is finite. It is impossible to express the numbers \(q_ i(M,\xi)\) in terms of a general position representation. It is natural to put the problem of computing the numbers \(q_ i(M,\xi)\) in terms of the homologies of specially selected representations. With this problem, there is connected a question put by S. P. Novikov on the determination of the analytic part of the inequalities (1), that is, that part which can be expressed in terms of homology in a representation in the field \({\mathbb{C}}\) of complex numbers, and the computation of this part by the analytic method is analogous. Pazhitnov conjectured that for the case \(\pi_ 1(M)={\mathbb{Z}}\) representations in the field of algebraic numbers and finite fields are sufficient. The exact result is given in formula (3) Sec. 3 of this paper. In Sec. 4 we consider the generalization of these results to the case when the form \(\xi\) is not rational. The corresponding numbers \(q_ i(M,\xi)\) were introduced by Zh. K. Sikorav.