Jacobi theta series (Q919021)

Let \(V\) be a quadratic space over \(\mathbb{Q}\) of dimension \(N\) with quadratic form \(Q\) and bilinear form \(B\) such that \(Q(x)= B(x,x)\) for \(x\in V\). Let \(\Lambda\) be an even unimodular positive definite lattice of rank \(N\). Then \(N\) must be a multiple of 8. Take a \(y\in \Lambda\) and consider the Jacobi theta series for \(\Lambda\) with respect to \(y\in \Lambda\): \[ \theta_{Q,y}(\tau,z) := \sum_{x\in \Lambda}q^{Q(x)}\zeta^{B(x,y)}, \] where \(q=\exp (2\pi i\tau)\), \(\zeta =\exp (2\pi iz)\). This is a Jacobi form of weight \(k=N/2\) and index \(m=Q(y)\) on \(\mathrm{SL}(\mathbb{Z})\). In the present paper, the following question is raised: If \(y_1,y_2\in \Lambda\) with \(Q(y_1)=Q(y_2)=m\), in which cases is \(\theta_{Q,y_1} = \theta_{Q,y_2}\) ? The first half of the paper gives some important instances in which the above equality holds. Namely, \(\theta_{Q,y}\) is independent of \(y\) with \(Q(y)=2\) for any even unimodular positive definite extremal lattice in dimension 32, and \(\theta_{Q,y}\) is independent of \(y\) with \(Q(y)=3\) for any even extremal lattice in dimensions 48 and 56. One consequence is that certain types of the Fourier coefficients of Siegel theta series of degree 2 are divisible by the number of minimal vectors in the lattice. This might be an evidence that the automorphism group of the lattice would act transitively on the set of minimal vectors. The second half of the paper treats the above question in the case of the lattices with non-empty root systems in dimensions \(8,16,24,32\) and \(40\).