A method for constructing examples of M-equivalent spaces (Q919646)

Two Tychonoff spaces are called M-equivalent if their free topological groups in the sense of Markov are topologically isomorphic. Retractions \(r_ 1\) and \(r_ 2\) are parallel if \(r_ 1r_ 2=r_ 1\) and \(r_ 2r_ 1=r_ 2\). Images of the space X under parallel retractions are called parallel retracts of X. The author uses the notions of R-quotient mapping and space [\textit{S. M. Karnik} and \textit{S. Willard}, Can. Math. Bull. 25, 456-461 (1982; Zbl 0443.54020)]. He shows that if \(K_ 1\) and \(K_ 2\) are parallel retracts of a space X, then the R-quotient spaces \(X/K_ 1\) and \(X/K_ 2\) are M-equivalent. This allows to get a row of examples of pairs of M-equivalent spaces with different topological properties. For instance Corollary 3.23: There exist M-equivalent spaces X and Y such that X is a first-countable locally compact space and Y is not a b-space and the tightness of Y is uncountable. In particular, the following properties are not preserved by M-equivalence: bisequentiality, the Fréchet-Urysohn property, sequentiality, k-property, countability of tightness.