On Enriques surfaces in characteristic \(p\). II (Q920168)

From the introduction: This paper is a sequel to part I [ibid. 265, 45--65 (1983; Zbl 0575.14032).] Let \(X\) be a classical Enriques surface in characteristic two. Recall that an Enriques surface is classical if and only if the canonical line bundle is a non-trivial element of order two in \(\mathrm{Pic}(X)\). Thus, the canonical line bundle gives us a \(\mu_2\)-double cover \(\tilde Y\) of \(X\). It is easy to see that \(\tilde Y\) is birationally isomorphic to a K3 surface if and only if \(\tilde Y\) has only rational double points as singularities, and in this case, the minimal nonsingular model \(Y\) of \(\tilde Y\) is in fact a supersingular K3 surface. It is natural to ask the following questions: (1) Assuming the singularities of \(\tilde Y\) are rational double points, what kind of singularities occur ? (2) What is the Artin invariant \(\sigma_0\) of \(Y\) ? If \(X\) is suitably generic, then \(Y\) has 12 rational double points of type \(A_1\), and \(\sigma_0(Y)=10\). Thus, the Picard group of \(Y\) is as small as possible, given that \(Y\) is a supersingular K3 surface. We have added two appendices to the paper: Appendix A deals with consequences of the fact that if \(X\) is any Enriques surface (classical or not), then \(\mathrm{Num}(X)\) is isomorphic to the root lattice \(E_{10}\), and in particular, \(\mathrm{Num}(X)\) is hyperbolic. The rest of Appendix A consists of complements to the important paper by \textit{F. R. Cossec} [Math. Ann. 271, 577--600 (1985; Zbl 0541.14031)]. In particular, we extend Cossec's theorem on Enriques surfaces of special type to characteristic two in this appendix. Appendix B is an extension to the characteristic \(p\ne 2\) of the theorem of Burns-Wahl that if \(X\) is a surface with smooth local moduli, then any \(-2\) curve on \(X\) can be removed by a first-order deformation.