Holomorphic Hermitian vector bundles over the Riemann sphere (Q924312)

This paper in algebraic geometry looks at holomorphic vector bundles over the Riemann sphere from the point of view of Hermitian geometry and SU\((2)\)-equivariance. Its main result is the following theorem. Theorem~3.2. There is a canonical bijection between the isomorphism classes of SU\((2)\)-equivariant holomorphic Hermitian vector bundles over the Riemann sphere \({\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^1\) and the isomorphism classes of pairs \((\{{\mathcal H}_n\}_{n\in{\mathbb Z}},T)\), where \({\mathcal H}_n\) is a finite dimensional Hilbert space that is zero for all but finitely many values of \(n\), and \(T\) is a complex linear operator of \(\bigoplus_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}{\mathcal H}_n\) into itself that has grading \(+2\) in the sense that \(T({\mathcal H}_n)\subset{\mathcal H}_{n+2}\) for \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\). Let \({\mathcal L}={\mathcal O}(-1)\to{\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^1\) be the tautological line bundle, \({\mathcal L}^n={\mathcal L}^{\otimes n}={\mathcal O}(-n)\) its tensor powers for \(n\in{\mathbb Z}\), \(\Omega^{p,q}\) the bundle of \((p,q)\)-forms on \({\mathbb C}{\mathbb P}^1\), \(\omega=\partial\overline\partial\log(1+| z| ^2)=\frac{dz\wedge d\bar z}{(1+| z| ^2)^2}\in\Omega^{1,1}\) the usual Kähler form, and \(g=\frac{dz\otimes d\bar z}{(1+| z| ^2)^2}\in\Omega^{1,0}\otimes\Omega^{0,1}\) the metric version of \(\omega\). Note as \(\Omega^{1,0}={\mathcal O}(-2)={\mathcal L}^2\) that tensoring with \(g\) yields a linear map \({\mathcal L}^n\to{\mathcal L}^n\otimes\Omega^{1,0}\otimes\Omega^{0,1}={\mathcal L}^{n+2}\otimes\Omega^{0,1}\). The proof of Theorem~3.2 begins by observing that all the bundles and forms mentioned in the previous paragraph respect SU\((2)\) in their behavior. Given the spaces \({\mathcal H}_n\) and \(T\), we can associate to it an \(E\) as follows. As a smooth bundle let \(E=\bigoplus_{n\in{\mathbb Z}}({\mathcal L}^n\otimes{\mathcal H}_n)\), and endow \(E\) with a new holomorphic structure using \(\overline\partial_E\) defined in terms of the ordinary \(\overline\partial\) acting on the \({\mathcal L}^n\) and adding to it a zeroth order term depending on the restriction \(T(n):{\mathcal H}_n\to{\mathcal H}_{n+2}\) of \(T\) as follows: \(\overline\partial_E=\bigoplus_{n\in{\mathbb Z}} (\overline\partial_{{\mathcal L}^n}\otimes\text{Id}_{{\mathcal H}_n}+g\otimes T(n)){:}\; E\to\Omega^{0,1}\otimes E\). It can be checked that the thus gotten \(E\) is indeed an SU\((2)\)-equivariant holomorphic Hermitian vector bundle. Conversely, given an \(E\) we can find the \({\mathcal H}_n\) and \(T\) as follows. Take an isotypical decomposition \(E=\bigoplus_{i=1}^r V_{n_i}\) of \(E\) with respect to the isotropy group (which is just the circle group U\((1)\)) at one (hence any) point of \(\mathbb{CP}^1\), where \(\lambda\in\text{U}(1)\) acts on \(V_{n_i}\) by multiplication with the power \(\lambda^{n_i}\); \(n_i\) being an integer. Note that \({\mathcal L}^{-n_i}\otimes V_{n_i}\) is trivial as an SU\((2)\)-equivariant Hermitian vector bundle and let \({\mathcal H}_n=H^0(\mathbb{CP}^1,{\mathcal L}^{-n}\otimes V_n)\) be the space of global holomorphic sections, which we take to be zero if \(n\) is not among the \(n_i\). To define \(T\) just take the appropriate isotypical component of the \(\overline\partial\) differential of the sections in \({\mathcal H}_n\), and use the Kähler metric \(g\) to get back into \({\mathcal H}_{n+2}\). The author's form \(\omega_0=(| x| ^2+| y| ^2)^{-1}(dx\wedge d\bar x+dy\wedge d\bar y)\) in \S\,2 seems wrong and should perhaps be replaced by \(\omega_0=(| x| ^2+| y| ^2)^{-2}(| y| ^2dx\wedge d\bar x+| x| ^2dy\wedge d\bar y-\bar x y\,dx\wedge d\bar y -x\bar y\,dy\wedge d\bar x)\). The paper is entirely algebraic, self-contained, and easy to read.