A universal Lipschitz extension property of Gromov hyperbolic spaces (Q925112)

Let \(\left(M,d\right)\) be a metric space with underlying set \(M\) and metric \(d\). The space of Banach-valued Lipschitz functions on \(M\) with target space \(X\) is denoted by \(Lip\left(M,X\right)\). This space is endowed with the standard seminorm \[ L\left(f\right):=\sup_{m\neq m'}\left\{{\left\| f\left(m\right)- f\left(m'\right)\right\| \over{d\left(m,m'\right)}}\right\}. \] A subset \(S\subset M\) is regarded as a metric (sub-) space equipped with the induced metric \(d| _{S\times S}\). A simultaneous Lipschitz extension from \(S\) to \(M\) is a continuous linear operator \(T:\,Lip\left(S,X\right)\to Lip\left(M,X\right)\) such that \(Tf| _S=f\). The set of all such \(T\) is denoted by \(\text{Ext}\left(S,M;X\right)\) and an (optimal) extension constant is given by \[ \lambda\left(S,M;X\right):=\inf\left\{\left\| T\right\| :\,T\in \text{Ext}\left(S,M;X\right)\right\}. \] If \(\text{Ext}\left(S,M;X\right)=\emptyset\), then \(\lambda\left(S,M;X\right):=\infty\). A map \(\phi:\,\left(M,d\right)\to\left(M_1,d_1\right)\) is said to be \(C\)-Lipshitz, if its Lipschitz constant is bounded by a constant \(C\). If, in addition, \(\phi\) is an injection and for all \(m,m'\in M\) and given \(C\geq 1\) \[ C^{-1}d\left(m,m'\right)\leq d_1\left(\phi\left(m\right),\phi\left(m'\right)\right)\leq Cd\left(m,m'\right), \] then \(\phi\) is a \(C\)-isometric embedding. The basic notion, that the article deals with, is given by the following definition. \textbf{Definition.} A metric space \(U\) is said to be universal with respect to simultaneous Lipschitz extensions if for an arbitrary metric space \(M\) and every subspace \(S\) of \(M\) isometric to a subspace of \(U\) \[ \lambda\left(S,M;X\right)\leq c\left(U\right), \] where \(c\left(U\right)\) depends only on \(U\). A metric space is of bounded geometry with parameters \(n\), \(R\), \(C\) if every open ball of this space of radius \(R\) admits \(C\)-isometric embedding into \({\mathbb R}^n\). The main result of the article is given by the following theorem. \textbf{Theorem.} Let \(M:=\bigoplus_{i=1}^N M_i\), where every metric space \(\left(M_i,d_i\right)\) is a (Gromov) hyperbolic space of bounded geometry. Then \(M\) is universal. The second main result of the article is an estimate of the extension constant \(\lambda\left(S,M;X\right)\). The article is a serious investigation that contains several methods and results which should be very interesting for the specialists in functional analysis and connected areas. An extended bibliography reflects the history and several results obtained in this direction.