Some singular perturbations of periodic operators (Q926731)

Two examples of singular perturbations for a one-dimensional linear periodic differential operator of the second order are considered. The first one is the perturbation by a rapidly oscillating potential with compact support. The second one is the perturbation by the delta potential with a small complex coupling constant. It is shown that under such perturbations the essential spectrum of the unperturbed operator remains invariant and at most countably many new simple eigenvalues appear. As the perturbation parameter vanishes, each new eigenvalue either tends to infinity, or tends to one of the gap edges in the continuous spectrum. The asymptotic behavior of the latter eigenvalues is described under certain general assumptions.