Multiple Eisenstein series and multiple cotangent functions (Q927726)

For integers \(r \geq 1\) and \(k \geq r+2,\) the authors define the multiple Eisenstein series \[ F_{k}(\tau_{1},\cdots \tau_{r}) = \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{n^{k-1}q_1^n\cdots q_r^n}{(1-q_1^n)\cdots (1-q_r^n)}, \] where \(q_j = e^{2\pi i \tau_j} \) for \(\text{Im}(t_j) > 0.\) When \(r = 1\) the classical Eisenstein series is essentially recovered. Let \(\coprod\) denote the regularized product of \textit{C. Deninger} [Invent. Math. 107, 135--150 (1992; Zbl 0762.14015)] \[ \coprod_{\lambda} \lambda = \exp\left( \left. -\frac{d}{ds} \sum_{\lambda} \lambda^{-s} \right|_{s=0} \right). \] The multiple sine function is defined as \[ \begin{multlined} S_{r}(x, (\omega_{1},\dots, \omega_{r})) \\ = \coprod_{n_{1},\dots,n_{r} \geq 0} (n_{1}\omega_{1}+\cdot + n_{r} \omega_{r} + x) \left( \coprod_{m_{1},\dots,m_{r} \geq 0} (m_{1}\omega_{1}+\cdot + m_{r} \omega_{r} - x) \right)^{(-1)^{r-1}},\end{multlined} \] and the multiple cotangent function is \[ \text{Cot}_{r}(x, (\omega_{1},\dots, \omega_{r})) = \frac{S'_{r}(x, (\omega_{1},\dots, \omega_{r}))}{S_{r}(x, (\omega_{1},\dots, \omega_{r}))}. \] The first main result of the paper (Theorem 1) is a relation between the multiple Eisenstein series and the multiple cotangent function. Using this, the authors prove a limit concerning linear combinations of multiple Eisenstein series (Theorem 2). Finally (Theorem 3) a lattice-sum representation of the multiple Eisenstein series is given.