Hopfian and co-Hopfian modules over commutative rings (Q928438)

Let \(R\) be commutative ring with identity. An \(R\)-module \(M\) is called Hopfian (resp. co-Hopfian) if any surjective (resp. injective) endomorphism of \(M\) is an isomorphism. In addition, an \(R\)-module \(M\) is called semi Hopfian (resp. semi co-Hopfian) if for any \(x\in R\), the endomorphism of \(M\) induced by multiplication by \(x\) is an isomorphism, provided it is surjective (resp. injective). In the paper under review, some properties and characterizations of these notions are given.