Multiple positive solutions of periodic boundary value problems for second order impulsive differential equations (Q929423)

The authors consider the impulsive boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} &-x'' + Mx = f(t,x), \quad 0 < t < 2\pi,\;t \not= t_k\\ &\triangle x| _{t=t_k} = I_k(x(t_k)), \quad -\triangle x'| _{t=t_k} = J_k(x(t_k)), \quad k = 1,2,\dots,l,\\ &x(0) = x(2\pi),\quad x'(0) = x'(2\pi), \end{aligned} \] where \(0 < t_1 < \dots < t_l < 2\pi\), \(M > 0\), \(f: [0,2\pi] \times [0,\infty) \to [0,\infty)\), \(I_k : [0,\infty) \to R\), \(J_k : [0,\infty) \to [0,\infty)\) are continuous functions. Sufficient conditions for the existence of at least two positive solutions are found. The arguments are based on fixed point index theory in cones. An example illustrating the results is included.