Asymptotic relations between the Hahn-type polynomials and Meixner-Pollaczek, Jacobi, Meixner and Krawtchouk polynomials (Q929911)

We recall the notations and definitions of the hypergeometric orthogonal polynomial used by the authors: Continuous dual Hahn: \[ {\frac{S_{n}(x^{2};a,b,c)}{(a+b)_{n}(a+c)_{n}}}={}_{3}F_{2} \left( \left. \begin{matrix} -n, a+ix,a-ix\\ a+b,a+c \end{matrix} \;\right|\;1 \right). \] Continuous Hahn: \[ p_{n}(x;\alpha,\beta,\overline{\alpha},\overline{\beta})= i^{n}{\frac{(\alpha+\overline{\alpha})_{n}(\alpha+\overline{\beta})_{n}}{n!}} {}_{3}F_{2}\left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n, n+\alpha+\beta+\overline{\alpha}+\overline{\beta}-1,\alpha+ix\\ \alpha+\overline{\alpha},\alpha+\overline{\beta}\end{matrix}\;\right|\;1\right), \] where \(\alpha,\beta\in {\mathbb C}\), \(\alpha=a+ic,\beta=b+id\), \(a,b,c,d\in{\mathbb R}\). Hahn: \[ \mathcal{Q}_{n}(x;a,b,N)={}_{3}F_{2}\left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n, n+a+b+1,-x\\ a+1,-N\end{matrix}\;\right|\;1\right),\quad n=0,1,\dots,N. \] Dual Hahn: \[ R_{n}(\lambda(x);a,b,N)={}_{3}F_{2}\left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n, -x,x+a+b+1\\ a+1,-N\end{matrix}\;\right|\;1\right),\quad n=0,1,\dots,N, \] with \(\lambda(x)=x(x+a+b+1).\) Meixner-Pollaczek: \[ P_{n}^{(\lambda)}(x;\varphi)={\frac{(2\lambda)_{n}}{n!}}e^{in\varphi}{}_{2}F_{1} \left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n, \lambda+ix\\ 2\lambda\end{matrix}\;\right|\;1-e^{-2i\varphi}\right). \] Jacobi: \[ P_{n}^{(\alpha,\beta)}(x)={\frac{(\alpha+1)_{n}}{n!}}{}_{2}F_{1} \left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n, n+\alpha+\beta+1\\ \alpha+1\end{matrix}\;\right|\;{\frac{1-x}{2}}\right). \] Meixner: \[ M_{n}(x;\beta,c)={}_{2}F_{1} \left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n,-x\\ \beta\end{matrix}\;\right|\;1-{\frac{1}{c}}\right). \] Krawtchouk: \[ K_{n}(x;p,N)={}_{2}F_{1}\left(\left.\begin{matrix} -n,-x\\ -N\end{matrix}\;\right|\;{\frac{1}{p}}\right),\quad n=0,1\dots,N. \] In this paper the authors obtain 16 asymptotic expansions of the Hahn, dual Hahn, continuous Hahn and continuous dual Hahn polynomials in terms of Meixner-Pollaczek, Jacobi, Meixner and Krawtchouk polynomials. From these expansions, the authors derive three new limits between those polynomials: {\parindent=5mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] Continuous dual Hahn and Meixner-Pollaczek: \[ {\lim_{a\to \infty}\frac{S_{n}(\widetilde{x};a,a,\widetilde{c})}{(2a)^{n}n!}=P_{n}^{(c)}(x;A) }, \] where \(A\neq m\pi\), \(m\in{\mathbb Z}\) is an arbitrary constant, \[ \begin{aligned} &\widetilde{x}={-a^{2}-4a\sqrt{2a\sin\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)\left[ c\sin\left(\frac{3A}{2}\right)-x\cos\left(\frac{3A}{2}\right)\right]}},\\ &\widetilde{c}=-a+2c\cos A-2x\sin A+{2\sqrt{2a\sin\left(\frac{A}{2}\right)\left[ c\sin\left(\frac{3A}{2}\right)-x\cos\left(\frac{3A}{2}\right)\right]}}.\end{aligned} \] \item[2.] Continuous dual Hahn and Meixner: \[ {\lim_{a\to\infty}\left[\frac{S_{n}(\widetilde{x};a,a,\widetilde{c})} {\left(c+\frac{C-1}{C}\frac{x}{1+2a}\right)_{n}(2a)_{n}}\right]=M_{n}(x;c,C),} \] where \(C\neq 0,1\) is an arbitrary constant, \[ \widetilde{x}=-a^{2}-2{\frac{a}{C}\sqrt{2ax(1-C)}},\quad \widetilde{c}=-a+c-{\frac{1-C}{C}x-\frac{2}{C}\sqrt{2ax(1-C)}}. \] \item[3.] Continuous dual Hahn and Krawtchouk: \[ \lim_{a\to\infty} \frac{S_{n}(\widetilde{x};a,a,\widetilde{c})} {\binom{\widetilde{C}}{n}(2a)_nn!}= K_{n}(x;A,c), \] where \(A\neq 0,1\) is an arbitrary constant, \[ \begin{aligned}\widetilde{x}&=-a^{2}-2{\frac{a}{A}}\sqrt{2a(2A^{2}c-3Ax+x)},\\ \widetilde{C} &={\frac{A^{2}(3+2a)c+x-A[(2a+1)c+3x]}{A(A-1)(2a+1)}},\\ \widetilde{c} &=-a+c-{\frac{1}{A}}\left[x+2\sqrt{2a(2A^{2}c-3Ax+x)}\right]. \end{aligned} \] \end{itemize}} In the last section of this paper, some numerical experiments show the accuracy of the approximations and, in particular, the accuracy in the approximation of the zeros of those polynomials.