Congruence obstructions to pseudomodularity of Fricke groups. (Q931795)

The author considers Fuchsian groups of signature \((1;1)\), i.e. of genus 1 and with one class of cusps. One calls such groups ``Fricke groups''. A Fricke group is called `pseudomodular' if it is contained in \(\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Q})\) and if the set of cusps is \(\mathbb{Q}\cup\infty\). The author proves first that to be pseudomodular or arithmetic it suffices if the set of finite cusps is dense in the finite adeles. The main theorem of the paper is that there are infinitely many Fricke groups that are contained in \(\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb{Q})\) that are neither pseudomodular nor arithmetic. He also shows that this class of groups contains elements that rule out a number of other potential conjectures.