The change of similarity invariants under row perturbations (Q935402)

This is a survey article on perturbations and similarity invariants of complex \(n \times n\) matrices of the form \[ M = \begin{pmatrix} A & B \\ C &D \end{pmatrix} \] where \(A\) is \(p \times p\) and \(D\) is \(q \times q\), as previous research results on the topic which are used here are included. The authors' aim is to study the change of the similarity invariants of \(M\) under small additive perturbations of the last \(q\) rows, in the particular case when a special \(M\)-invariant subspace, associated with the fixed submatrix \([A\;B]\) of \(M\), has a supplementary subspace which is also invariant. Let \(M'\) denote such a perturbation of \(M\) with the same first \(p\) rows and \([C'\;D']\) a \(q \times(p+ q)\) matrix sufficiently close to \([C\;D]\). Some necessary conditions that the invariants of all these matrices \(M'\) must satisfy are obtained. Now regarding the near converse problem, necessary and sufficient conditions that a given collection of polynomials, or some integer partition, have to satisfy in order to be the invariant factors, or the Weyr characteristic of the matrix \(M'\) are derived from the aforementioned conditions.