The Poisson-Furstenberg boundary of the locally free group (Q937860)

Let \(G\) be a group with a finite set \(S\) of generators, \(s\in S\) implying \(s^{-1}\in S\). Let \(S^{\infty }=S\times S\times \dots \), \(\overline {\pi }:S^{\infty }\to G^{\infty }\) be defined by \(\overline {\pi }((s_{n})_{n\geq 1})= (s_{1}\cdots s_{n})_{n\geq 1}\), \(\Omega =\overline {\pi }(S^{\infty })\), \(\mu\) be the uniform probability on \(S\) and consider \(\mu^{\infty }\) as a measure on \(\Omega\). Let \(\sim \) be the equivalence relation on \(\Omega\) defined by \((\tau_{n})\sim (\tau '_{n})\) if there exist \(k\) and \(n_{0}\) such that \(\tau_{n}=\tau '_{n+k}\) for \(n\geq n_{0}\). The Poisson Furstenberg (PF) boundary is defined as the quotient space of \(\Omega\) with respect to the \(\mu^{\infty }\) measurable hull of \(\sim \). Let \(S^{\ast }\) be the set of all finite \(S\)-words, \(\pi :S^{\ast }\to G\) be defined as \(\pi (s_{1}\dots s_{n})=s_{1}\cdots s_{n}\). A normal form is a \(\varrho : G\to S^{\ast }\) with \(\pi\circ\varrho =id\); it is called geodesic if, for every \(g\in G\), \(\varrho (g)\) has minimal possible length. For \(X\in S^{\infty }\), let \([X]_{k}\in S^{\ast }\) be the word consisting of the first \(k\) components of \(X\). Let \(\Lambda_{\varrho }\) be the set of all \(X\in S^{\infty }\) for which there exists \(\tau =(\tau_{n})\in\Omega\) with the property that, for every \(k\), there exists \(n_{0}\) such that, for \(n\geq n_{0}\), we have \([\varrho (\tau_{n})]_{k}=[X]_{k}\); \(X\) is denoted by \(\overline {\varrho }(\tau )\). \(\varrho\) is called left stable if \(\overline {\varrho }(\tau )\) exists for \(\mu^{\infty }\)-almost all \(\tau\in\Omega\). Replacing \(\overline {\pi}\) by \((s_{n})\to (s_{n}\cdots s_{1})\), the concept of right stability appears. For every left stable normal form \(\varrho\), \((\Lambda_{\varrho },\mu^{\infty }\circ\overline {\varrho }^{-1})\) is a quotient space of the PF-boundary. If it coincides with the boundary, \(\varrho\) is said to be complete. If a normal form is geodesic, right and left stable, then it is complete if also there exists a matrix \(M=(m_{ab})_{a,b\in S}\) with \(m_{ab}\in\{0,1\}\), such that \(s_{1}\dots s_{n}\in\varrho (G)\) is equivalent to \(m_{s_{i}s_{i+1}}=1\) for \(i=1,\dots ,n-1\) and such that some power of \(M\) has all its elements \(=1\). The author shows that these conditions are satisfied when \(G\) is the free group generated by \(s_{1},\dots ,s_{n}\) subject to \(s_{i}s_{j}=s_{j}s_{i}\) for \(| i-j| \geq 2\), \(S=\{s_{1},\dots ,s_{n},s_{1}^{-1},\dots ,s_{n}^{-1}\}\), \(m_{ab}=1\) if \(a\neq b^{-1}\), \(a=s_{i}^{\delta }\), \(b=s_{j}^{\varepsilon }\), \(i-1\leq j\) and \(0\) otherwise, by proving that every \(g\in G\) represents uniquely as \(s_{1}\cdots s_{n}\) with \(m_{s_{i}s_{i+1}}=1\), this defining \(\varrho\). This result is generalized to a group \(G\) constructed from a finite graph \(R\), \(G\) being the free group generated by the vertices of \(R\), such that \(ab=ba\) if \(a\) and \(b\) are not united by an edge of \(R\) (relation supposed symmetric), by choosing an appropriate system of generators and \(m\)'s.