On logarithmic convexity for Ky-Fan inequality (Q938436)

Let \(x_1,\ldots, x_n\) and \(p_1,\ldots, p_n\) be positive numbers, \(x_i\in (0, a]\) for \(i=1,\ldots, n\). Put \(P_n=\sum_{i=1}^n p_i \), \(A_n=P_n^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i=\overline{x}\), \(G_n=\Big(\prod_{i=1}^n x_i^{p_i}\Big)^{1/P_n}\), \(A_n^a=P_n^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^n p_i (2a-x_i)\), and \(G_n^a=\Big(\prod_{i=1}^n (2a-x_i)^{p_i}\Big)^{1/P_n}\). Let, for all \(x>0\), \[ \phi_s(x)=\frac{x^s}{s(s-1)(s-2)}\qquad {\text{if}}\;\;s\neq 0, 1, 2, \] \[ \phi_0(x)=\frac{1}{2}\log x, \qquad \phi_1(x)=-x\log x \qquad {\text{and}}\qquad \phi_2(x)=\frac{1}{2}x^2\log x. \] Moreover, put \[ \xi_s=\frac{1}{P_n}\sum_{i=1}^n p_i (\phi_s(2a-x_i)-\phi_s(x_i))-\phi_s(2a-\overline{x})+\phi_s(\overline{x}). \] Then \(\quad\)(1) \(\quad \xi_s \xi_t \geq \xi_{(s+t)/2}^2\) for all \(s\), \(t \in \mathbb{R}\), that is, \(\xi_s \) is \(\log\) convex in the Jensen sense; \(\quad\)(2) \(\quad \xi_s\) is continuous on \(\mathbb{R}\) and \(\log\) convex, that is, \(\xi_s^{t-r}\leq \xi_r^{t-s}\xi_t^{s-r}\) for \(r<s<t\), with \(\xi_0=\frac{1}{2}\log\Big(\frac{G_n^aA_n}{G_nA_n^a}\Big)\). This is the first main result of the paper (the second one is its modification). As its corollary, the authors obtain that \[ 1<\exp(2\xi_3^4\xi_4^{-3})\leq \frac{G_n^aA_n}{G_nA_n^a}\leq \exp(2\xi_{-1}^{3/4}\xi_3^{1/3}), \] which represents an improvement of the Ky-Fan inequality when \(a=1/2\).