On logarithmic convexity for power sums and related results (Q938477)

To illustrate the results of the paper, we mention two of them: (i) Let \(x=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)\), \(p=(p_1,\ldots, p_n)\), \(n\geq 2\), be two sequences of positive numbers such that \(x_i\in (0, a]\) \((i=1,\ldots, n)\), where all \(x_i\,'s\) are not equal, and \[ \sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i\geq x_j, \quad {\text{for}}\;j=1, \ldots,n, \qquad \sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i \in (0, a]. \] Put \[ \Phi_t=\Phi_t(x;p)=\frac{(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i)^t}{t-1} - \sum_{i=1}^n p_i \frac{x_i^t}{t-1} \quad {\text{if}} \;\;t\neq1 \] and \[ \Phi_1=\Phi_1(x;p)=(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i)\log(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i)-\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i\log x_i. \] If \(0<r<s<t\), then \((\Phi_s)^{t-r}\leq (\Phi_r)^{t-s}(\Phi_t)^{s-r}\). (ii) Let \(x=(x_1,\ldots, x_n)\), \(p=(p_1,\ldots, p_n)\), \(n\geq 2\), be two sequences of positive numbers which satisfy assumptions of part (i). Assume that \(f\in C^1((0, a])\). Then there is \(\xi \in (0, a]\) such that \[ f\Big(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i\Big) - \sum_{i=1}^n p_i f(x_i)=\frac{\xi f'(\xi)-f(\xi)}{\xi^2}\Big\{\Big(\sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i\Big)^2 - \sum_{i=1}^n p_i x_i^2\Big\}. \]