On spectral properties of weighted shift operators generated by mappings with saddle points (Q941068)

Let \(\gamma:[0,1]\to[0,1]\) be a diffeomorphism such that \(\gamma(x)>x\) for \(0<x<1\), let \(\alpha:[0,1]^m\to[0,1]^m\) be of the form \(\alpha(x_1,\dots,x_m)=(\gamma(x_1),\dots,\gamma(x_m))\), and let \(X=\{x\in[0,1]^m:0\leq x_1\leq\dots\leq x_m\leq 1\}\) be the \(m\)-dimensional simplex. The authors study the spectral properties of the weighted shift operator \(Bu(x)=a(x)\varrho(x) u(\alpha(x))\) acting on the space \(L^2(X)\), where \(a\) is a continuous function such that \(a(x)\neq 0\) for all \(x\in X\) and \(\varrho(x)=[\gamma'(x_1)\dots\gamma'(x_m)]^{1/2}\). The map \(\alpha\) has on \(X\) only \(m+1\) fixed points \(F(k)=(0,\dots,0,\underbrace{1,\dots,1}_k)\), where \(k=0,1,\dots,m\). The point \(F(0)\) is repelling, the point \(F(m)\) is attracting, and all other fixed points are saddle points. It is assumed that all the numbers \(| a(F(k))| \) are distinct and \(| a(F(0))| <| a(F(m))| \). Arranging the numbers \(| a(F(k))| \) in the increasing order, one arrives at a transposition \(\sigma\) of the set \(\{0,\dots,m\}\) such that \(| a(F(\sigma(0)))| <\dots<| a(F(\sigma(m)))| .\) The main results of the paper are the following. 1.\ If \(| \lambda| =| a(F(m))| \) or \(| \lambda| =| a(F(0))| \), then the range of \(B-\lambda I\) is nonclosed in \(L_2(X)\). 2.\ If \(| a(F(0))| <| \lambda| <| a(F(m))| \), then the kernel of \(B-\lambda I\) is infinite-dimensional and the range of \(B-\lambda I\) is dense in \(L_2(X)\). In that case, the operator \(B-\lambda I\) is right-invertible if and only if \(| \lambda| \neq| a(F(k))| \) and the set \(\{0,\dots,k_0\}\) is invariant under the transposition \(\sigma\), where \(k_0\) satisfies \(| a(F(\sigma(k_0-1)))| <| \lambda| <| a(F(\sigma(k_0)))| \). 3.\ If \(| a(F(\sigma(0)))| \leq| \lambda| <| a(F(0))| \) or \(| a(F(m))| <| \lambda| \leq| a(F(\sigma(m)))| \), then the kernel of \(B-\lambda I\) is trivial and the range of \(B-\lambda I\) is nonclosed and dense in \(L_2(X)\).