On L. Fuchs' problems 17 and 43. (Q941935)

For a given prime integer \(p\) in this paper, the authors denote by \(R_p\) the class of all \(p\)-reduced (that is, contains no nonzero \(p\)-divisible subgroup) torsion-free groups and consider the \(p\)-characteristic and the \(p\)-type which are invariants describing the behavior of elements of groups from \(R_p\) in connection with the divisibility by \(p\)-adic integers. An important property of the elements is the possibility to distinguish elements with equal characteristic (types). The notion of \(p\)-fully transitivity is naturally introduced. Torsion-free \(p\)-reduced qcpi-groups are \(p\)-fully transitive. In Sections 1-15 of the work, the authors study the classes of groups listed above, which can be called groups with a large number of endomorphisms or groups with the extension condition for partial endomorphisms. For two Abelian groups \(A\) and \(C\), the group \(\text{Ext}(C,A)\) of extensions of \(A\) by \(C\) is one of the classical objects of algebra. The group is studied in many works. Sections 16-20 of the present work are related to several questions about the group Ext. The isomorphism problem for the group Ext is considered; the structure of this group is studied in the case where \(C\) is a torsion-free group. The author of the main results of Chapters 1-4 is R. Chekhlov, and the author of the main results of Chapter 5 is P. A. Krylov.