Lie comodules and the constructions of Lie bialgebras (Q943454)

Let \((C,d)\) be a Lie coalgebra over a field of characteristic not two. A counit for \(C\) is a non-zero element \(e\) of \(C^*\) such that \((e \otimes I)d=0\). Let \((C,d)\) be a Lie coalgebra with counit \(e\), \((M,s)\) a left \(C\)-Lie comodule, \(F:M\to M\) given by \(F(m)=\sum e(m_{(-1)})m_{(0)}\), where \(s(m)= \sum m_{(-1)}\otimes m_{(0)}\). The author shows that \(M\) is the direct sum of the two left \(C\)-Lie subcomodules \(M_+=\{m \in M\mid F(m)=m\}\) and \(M_-=\{m \in M\mid F(m)=-m\}\) if and only if \(F^2=I\). The rest of the paper studies possible Lie bialgebra structures on \((C,d)\). The main theorem is that if there is an element \(t \in C\) and two linearly independent elements \(u\) and \(v\) in \(C^*\) such that \((I \otimes u)d(c)=u(c)t\) and \((I \otimes v)d(c)=v(c)t\) for all \(c \in C\), then \(C\) is a Lie bialgebra. The Lie algebra structure on \(C\) is obtained by setting \(n=u \otimes v - v \otimes u\) and defining the bracket product as the composite \((I \otimes n)(d \otimes I + (i \otimes I)(I \otimes d))\), where \(i\) is the interchange map \(i(c \otimes c')=c' \otimes c\). Some examples are given, where \(C\) is the dual of a three-dimensional vector space, \(C\) is of dimension two (this one is coboundary triangular), \(C\) is of countably infinite dimension (this one is not coboundary), and finally \(C\) is three-dimensional. In this last example, the author exhibits some coboundary Lie bialgebra structures, but some of these are not triangular. Reviewer's note: In the author's Introduction, it is mentioned that Lie bialgebras were obtained on the Virasoro algebra and on the Witt algebra, but it is not mentioned that these appear in a paper of the reviewer [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 87, No. 3, 301--312 (1993; Zbl 0786.17015)]. It is mentioned that they are also obtained in a paper of \textit{W. Michaelis} [Adv. Math. 107, No. 2, 365--392 (1994; Zbl 0812.17016)]. The classification of all such structures in characteristic zero appears in a paper of \textit{S.-H. Ng} and the reviewer [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 151, No. 1, 67--88 (2000; Zbl 0971.17008)].