\(K\)-theory of log-schemes. I. (Q945451)

The aim of this paper is to expound the basic facts on the algebraic and topological \(K\)-theory of log-schemes. There are several natural topologies on log-schemes: the principal are the Kummer log-étale and log-flat topologies, and the Kummer log-syntomic topology. The first one was introduced by \textit{K. Kato} [``Logarithmic degeneration and Dieudonné theory'', preprint]. The notion of log-syntomic morphism is defined by the author. The paper begins with an investigation of the basic properties of log-étale, log-flat, and log-syntomic morphisms. The stability under composition and under base change is proven, and the necessary and sufficient conditions for a morphism to be log-étale, log-flat or log-syntomic are given. Also, the author shows that certain prescheaves are scheaves for the Kummer topologies. The valuative topologies that refine the Kummer topologies are also investigated. Following Kato the cohomology \(H^1(X_*,\mathbb{G}_m)\) of invertible sheaves for \(X\) local and equipped Kummer topology are computed, and, as a corollary, a log-version of the Hilbert 90 theorem for locally Noetherian scheme is obtained. The study of algebraic \(K\)-theory of Kummer log-étale schemes was initiated by \textit{K. Hagihara} [\(K\)-Theory 29, No.~2, 75--99 (2003; Zbl 1038.19002)], and this paper is based on the results of Kato and Hagihara. The author shows that the Hagihara's results hold in greater generality, namely for the Kummer log-flat site. This is achieved by working with equivariant \(K\)-theory for finite flat group schemes instead of finite groups. In this setting the author presents the localization exact sequence and Poincaré isomorphism, computes the Picard groups of the spectrum of a Noetherian strictly local ring. Also, as is noticed by the author, the paper contains the proofs of several results from unpublished and unfinished work of Kato, as well as the proofs of some Kato's results which were only announced by that time. One of the main results of the paper concerning algebraic \(K\)-theory is the structure theorem for the \(K\)-groups of a regular, log-regular scheme \(X\) with the log-structure associated to a divisor \(D\) with strict normal crossing. It asserts that there are the following canonical isomorphisms for any \(q \geq0\): \( K_q(X_{\text{fl}}) \simeq \bigoplus_{J \subset I} K_q(D_J ) \otimes \Lambda_{| J |}\), and \( K_q(X_{\text{ét}}) \simeq \bigoplus_{J \subset I} K_q(D_J ) \otimes \Lambda'_{|J|}\) if \(D\) is equicharacteristic. Here \(\{D_i\mid i \in I\}\) is the set of the irreducible (regular) components of \(D\), \(D_J\) is the intersection of irreducible components indexed by \(J \subset I\), and \(\Lambda_{|J|}\) (resp. \(\Lambda'_{|J|}\)) the free abelian groups generated by the set \(\{(a_1, \dots, a_{|J|})\mid a_i \in \mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z} \setminus \{0\}\}\) (resp. the set \(\{(a_1, \dots , a_{|J|})\mid a_i \in (\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z})' \setminus \{0\}\}\)). The main results concerned with topological \(K\)-theory establish that \(l\)-adic log-étale \(K\)-theory of a log-regular scheme computes the étale \(K\)-theory of the largest open set on which the log-structure is trivial. More precisely, let \(X\) be a log-regular scheme satisfying certain natural conditions. Let \(n\) be a natural number invertible on \(X\). Then the open immersion \(j:U \hookrightarrow X\), where \(U = X_{\text{tr}}\) is the maximal open set of \(X\) on which the log-structure is trivial, induces an isomorphism \( j^*:K^{\text{ét}}_m (X,\mathbb{Z}/n) \overset{\sim}\rightarrow K^{\text{ét}}_m(U,\mathbb{Z}/n)\), \(m \geq 0\). The paper contains numerous structure and technical results interesting on their own account, as well as many clarifying examples.