Uniqueness theorems for Cauchy integrals (Q946816)

Let \(\mu\) be a finite complex measure in \(\mathbb{C}\), \(\varepsilon> 0\), and \[ C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)=\int_{|\delta- z|>\varepsilon}\frac{d\mu(\delta)}{\delta-z} \] for \(z\) in \(\mathbb{C}\). The Cauchy integral of \(\mu\) is defined by \(C^\mu(z)= \lim_{\varepsilon\to 0}C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)\) when the limit exists. In contrast to expectations arising from the work of \textit{X. Tolsa} and \textit{J. Verdera} [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn., Math. 31, No. 2, 479--494 (2006; Zbl 1099.30026)], the authors show that there exists a large set of nontrivial continuous measures \(\mu\) satisfying \(C^\mu(z)= 0\), \(\mu\)-a.e. (such measures are called reflectionless). Also a uniqueness theorem is proved, which states that, if \(\mu\) is a continuous function for which \(C^\mu(z)\) exists and vanishes \(\mu\)-a.e., then \(\mu\equiv 0\) when \(C^\mu_*(z)\) is in \(L^1(z)\), where \[ C^\mu_*(z)= \sup_{\varepsilon> 0}|C^\mu_\varepsilon(z)|. \] Further, the latter theorem is shown to be sharp in some sense. Later sections of the paper study the asymptotic behavior of the Cauchy transform near its zero set and provide some geometric description of the set of reflectionless measures. This well-written paper is rich in interesting results, provides carefully stated connections with known results, and clearly notes some open problems.