Optimal Lyapunov inequalities for disfocality and Neuman boundary conditions using \(L^p\) norms (Q946960)

The relation by \(L^p\) norms of \(\max\{a(x), 0\}\) between nontrivial solutions of the problems \[ u''(x) + a(x)u(x) = 0, \quad x \in (0,1), \quad u'(0)=u'(L) = 0 \] and \[ u''(x) + a(x)u(x) = 0, \quad x \in (0,1), \quad u'(0)=u(L) = 0 \] is established. By applying this relation, a sufficient condition, which is optimal in some sense, for the problem \[ u''(x) + a(x)u(x) = f(x), \quad x \in (0,1), \quad u'(0)=u'(L) = 0 \] to have a unique solution is obtained. Existence and uniqueness of solutions of nonlinear boundary value problems are also obtained.