Universal elements for non-linear operators and their applications (Q947554)

A family \({\mathcal F}=\{F_a: a\in A\}\) of continuous maps from a topological space \(X\) to a topological space \(Y\) is called {universal} if there is \(x\in X\) for which the orbit \(O({\mathcal F},x)=\{F_ax:\;a\in A\}\) is dense in \(Y\). Such an \(x\) is called a {universal element} for \({\mathcal F}\). The symbol \({\mathcal U}({\mathcal F})\) denotes the set of all universal elements for \(\mathcal F\). In the case when \(T\) is a continuous map acting on a topological space \(X\), an element \(x\in X\) is called {universal} for \(T\) if \(x\) is universal for the family \(\{T^n:n\in\mathbb Z_+\}\). The set of all universal elements for \(T\) is denoted by \({\mathcal U}(T)\). If \(X\) is a topological vector space over the field \(\mathbb K\) and \(T\in L(X)\), then a universal element for \(T\) is called a {hypercyclic vector} for \(T\) and the operator \(T\) is called {hypercyclic} if \({\mathcal U}(T)\not=\emptyset\). Moreover, \(x\in {\mathcal U}(\{sT^n:s\in {\mathbb K},\;n\in\mathbb Z_+\})\) is called a {supercyclic vector} for \(T\) and \(T\) is called {supercyclic} if it has supercyclic vectors. Similarly, \(T\) is called \(\mathbb R_+\)-{supercyclic} if the family \({\mathcal F}=\{sT^n:s\in\mathbb R_+,\;n\in \mathbb Z_+\}\) is universal. Finally, an element \(g\) of a topological group \(G\) is its {generator} if \(\{g^n:n\in \mathbb Z_+\}\) is dense in \(G\). In the paper under review, the author proves, under certain topological conditions on the set of universal elements of a continuous map acting on a topological space \(X\), that the direct sum \(T\oplus M_g\) is universal, where \(M_g\) is the multiplication operator by a generating element of a compact topological group. Using this result, the author characterizes \(\mathbb R_+\)-supercyclic operators and then shows that whenever \(T\) is a supercyclic operator and \(z_1,\dots,z_n\) are pairwise different nonzero complex numbers, then the operator \(z_1T\oplus\dots\oplus z_nT\) is cyclic. This result provides an affirmative answer to a question of F.\,Bayart and É.\,Matheron.