Calabi-Yau varieties with semi-stable fibre structures (Q948921)

This paper is motivated by the Strominger--Yau--Zaslow conjecture, and is purported to study Calabi--Yau varieties with semi-stable fibre structures. The main results are formulated as follows. Theorem 1: Let \(f: X\to Y\) be a semi-stable family between two non-singular projective varieties with \(f: X_0=f^{-1}(Y_0)\to Y_0\) smooth, \(S=Y\setminus Y_0\) a reduced normal crossing divisor and \(\Delta=f^*S\) a relative reduced normal crossing divisor in \(X\). Assume that \(f\) satisfies that (1) The polarized \(VHS\,R^k\,f_*{\mathbb{Q}}_{X_0}\) is strictly of weight \(k\), (2) \(H^k(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)=0\), (3) \(Y\) is simply connected. Then \(f_*\Omega^k_{X/Y}(\log\Delta)\) is locally free on \(Y\) without flat quotient, and \(S\neq\emptyset\). Moreover, \[ \deg_C(f_*\Omega_{X/Y}^k(\log\,\Delta))>0 \] for any sufficiently general curve \(C\). Theorem 2: Let \(f: X\to \mathbb{P}^1\) be a semi-stable family fibred by abelian varieties such that \(f: X_0=f^{-1}(C_0)\to C_0\) is smooth with finite singular values \(S={\mathbb{P}}^1\setminus C_0\) and a normal crossing \(\Delta=f^{-1}(S)\). Assume that \(X\) is a projective manifold with trivial canonical sheaf \(\omega_X\) and \(H^1(X,{\mathcal{O}}_X)=0\). Then, \(f\) is non-isotrivial and dim\(X\leq 3\). In particular, if \(X\) is a Calabi--Yau manifold then \(X\) is one of the following: (a) \(K3\) surface with \(\#S\geq 6\). Moreover, if \(\#S=6\) then \(X\to \mathbb{P}^1\) is modular, i.e., \(C_0\) is the quotient of the upper half plane \({\mathcal{H}}\) by a subgroup of \(SL_2({\mathbb{Z}})\) of finite index. (b) Calabi--Yau threefold with \(\#S\geq 4\). Moreover, if \(\#S=4\), then this family is rigid and there exits an étale covering \(\pi: Y^{\prime}\to {\mathbb{P}}^1\) such that \(f^{\prime}: X^{\prime}=X\times_{\mathbb{P}^1} Y^{\prime} \to Y^{\prime}\) is isogenous over \(Y^{\prime}\) to a product \(E\times_{Y^{\prime}} E\), where \(h: E\to Y^{\prime}\) is a family of semi-stable elliptic curves and modular. Theorem 3: Let \(f:X\to Y\) be a semi-stable family of abelian varieties between two non-singular projective varieties with \(f:X_0=f^{-1}(Y_0)\to Y_0\) smooth, a reduced normal crossing divisor \(S=Y\setminus Y_0\) and a relative reduced normal crossing divisor \(\Delta=f^*(S)\) in \(X\). Assume that (a) The period map of the \(VHS R^1 f_*({\mathbb{Q}}_{X_0})\) is injective at one point in \(Y_0\), (b) The canonical bundle \(\omega_X\) is trivial and \(H^0(X,\Omega_X^1)=0\). Then the dimension of a general fibre is bounded above by a constant depending only on \(Y\). These results are applied to study non-isotrivial Calabi--Yau varieties fibred by semi-stable abelian varieties (or hyperkähler varieties). The Hodge theory and the semi-positivity package are used to study projective manifolds with semi-stable fibre structures.