Double Ore extensions. (Q949645)

Let \(k\) be a field, \(A\) a \(k\)-algebra with an automorphism \(\sigma\) and \(\sigma\)-derivation \(\delta\) (\(\delta(ab)=\sigma(a)\delta(b)+\delta(a)b\) for all \(a,b\in A\)). The Ore extension \(A[y;\sigma,\delta]\) of \(A\) is generated by \(y\) such that \(yr=\sigma(r)y+\delta(r)\) for all \(r\in A\). A ring \(B\) is called a right double extension of a subring \(A\) if (1) \(B\) is generated by \(A\) and two variables \(y_1\) and \(y_2\), (2) \(y_2y_1=p_{12}y_1y_2+p_{11}y_1^2+\tau_1y_1+\tau_2 y_2+\tau_0\) where \(p_{12},p_{11}\in k\) and \(\tau_1,\tau_2,\tau_0\in A\), (3) \(B=\sum Ay_1^{n_1}y_2^{n_2}\) as a left \(A\)-module with a free basis \(\{y_1^{n_1}y_2^{n_2}\mid n_1,n_2\geq 0\}\), and (4) \(y_1A+y_2A\subseteq Ay_1+Ay_2+A\) where \(P=\{p_{12},p_{11}\}\) is called the parameter and \(\tau=\{\tau_1,\tau_2,\tau_0\}\) the tail. A left double extension is similarly defined, and a double extension is both a left and right double extension. To describe a double extension \(B\) (\(=A_P(y_1,y_2,\sigma,\delta,\tau)\)) associated with DE-data \(\{P,\sigma,\delta,\tau\}\), let \(\sigma\colon A\to M_2(A)\) be an algebra homomorphism from \(A\) to \(2\times 2\)-matrices and \(\delta\colon A\to A^{\oplus 2}\) such that \(\delta(rs)=\sigma(r)\delta(s)+\delta(r)s\) for all \(r,s\in A\) and \({y_1r\choose y_2r}=\sigma(r){y_1\choose y_2}+\delta(r)\), \(y_2y_1=p_{12}y_1y_2+p_{11}y_1^2+\tau_1 y_1+\tau_2y_2+\tau_0\) for some \(p_{12},p_{11}\in k\), \(\tau_1,\tau_2,\tau_0\in A\). The determinant of \(\sigma\) is \(\det\sigma\colon r\to -p_{11}\sigma_{11}(r)+\sigma_{22}(\sigma_{11}(r))-p_{12}\sigma_{12}(\sigma_{21}(r))\) for all \(r\in A\) where \(\sigma(r)=\left(\begin{smallmatrix}\sigma_{11}(r)&\sigma_{12}(r)\\ \sigma_{21}(r)&\sigma_{22}(r)\end{smallmatrix}\right)\). In particular, if \(\delta=0\) and \(\tau=(0,0,0)\), \(B\) is denoted by \(A_P(y_1,y_2,\sigma)\). Then some basic ring-theoretic and homological properties of double extension \(A_P(y_1,y_2,\sigma,\delta,\tau)\) of an Artin-Schelter regular algebra \(A\) are given, where a connected graded algebra \(T\) (\(=k\oplus T_1\oplus T_2\oplus \cdots)\) is called Artin-Schelter regular if (1) \(T\) has finite global dimension \(d\), (2) \(T\) is Gorenstein, i.e., there is an integer \(l\) such that \(\text{Ext}_T^i(_Tk,T)=k(l)\) if \(i=d\), and 0 if \(i\neq d\), where \(k\) is the trivial \(T\)-module \(T/T_{\geq 1}\); and also holds for right \(T\)-module \(k_T\), and (3) \(T\) has finite Gelfand-Kirillov dimension, i.e., there is a positive number \(c\) such that \(\dim T<c\cdot n^c\) for all \(n\in\mathbb{N}\). Theorem 1. Let \(A\) be an Artin-Schelter regular algebra and \(B=A_P(y_1,y_2,\sigma)\). If \(B\) is a connected graded double extension of \(A\), then \(B\) is Artin-Schelter regular and \(\text{gldim\,}B=\text{gldim\,}A+2\). Theorem 2. Let \(B=A_P(y_1,y_2,\sigma)\) and identify \(A\) with \(B/(y_1,y_2)\). Then \(\text{Ext}_B^i(A,B)={^{\det\sigma}A}\) if \(i=2\), and 0 if \(i\neq 2\) where the left and right \(A\)-actions on the \(A\)-bimodule \(^{\det\sigma}A\) are defined by \(l*a*r=(\det\sigma(l))ar\) for all \(l,a,r\in A\). Examples of more double extensions are constructed and basic questions are also raised at the end of the paper.