Handle additions producing essential surfaces (Q952906)

All manifolds in this paper are orientable and all surfaces are embedded and proper. Let \(M\) be a compact \(3\)-manifold. An incompressible, \(\partial\)-incompressible surface \(F\) in \(M\) is essential if it is not parallel to \(\partial M.\) A \(3\)-manifold is \textit{simple} if \(M\) is irreducible, \(\partial\)-irreducible, unannular and atoroidal. In this paper, a compact \(3\)-manifold \(M\) is said to be hyperbolic if \(M\) with its toroidal boundary components removed admits a complete hyperbolic structure with totally geodesic boundary. A knot \(K\) in \(M\) is \textit{hyperbolic}, if the complement \(M_{K}\) of \(K\) in \(M\) is hyperbolic. A 3-manifold \(M\) is \textit{small} if \(M\) contains no essential closed surface. A knot \(K\) in \(M\) is \textit{small} if \(M_{K}\) is small. A \textit{slope} \(r\) in \(\partial M\) is an isotopy class of unoriented essential simple closed curves in \(\partial M.\) We denote by \(M(r)\) the manifold obtained by attaching a \(2\)-handle to \(M\) along a regular neighborhood of \(r\) in \(\partial M\) and then capping off the possible spherical component with a \(3\)-ball. If \(r\) lies in a toroidal component of \(\partial M,\) this operation is known as Dehn filling. The main result of this paper is the following. There is a small, hyperbolic knot \(K\) in a handlebody \(H\) of genus \(3\) such that, for any given integer \(g\geq2,\) there are infinitely many separating slopes \(r\) in \(\partial H\) such that \(H_{K}(r)\) contains an essential separating closed surface of genus \(g.\) Moreover the resulting manifolds \(H_{K}(r)\) are still hyperbolic.