Forcing with quotients (Q953280)

The authors establish an important connection between the following two types of quotient forcing notions. Given a \(\sigma\)-ideal \(I\) on a Polish space \(X\), \(P_I\) denotes the quotient poset Borel\((X)/I\) of \(I\)-positive Borel sets ordered by inclusion. Similarly, for an ideal \(J\) on a countable set \(Y\), \(Q_J\) is the quotient poset \({\mathcal P} (Y) / J\) of all \(J\)-positive sets ordered by inclusion. A forcing \(P_I\) has the continuous reading of names if for every \(I\)-positive Borel set \(B\) and every Borel function \(f : B \to 2^\omega\), there is an \(I\)-positive Borel set \(C \subseteq B\) such that the restriction \(f \restriction C\) is continuous. The second section of the paper is devoted to this crucial notion and presents equivalent reformulations, as well as many examples and counterexamples. For a \(\sigma\)-ideal \(I\) on \(\omega^\omega\), the trace ideal \(\text{tr}(I)\) is the family of all subsets \(a\) of \(\omega^{<\omega}\) such that the collection of all \(r \in \omega^\omega\) with \(r \restriction n \in a\) for infinitely many \(n\) belongs to \(I\). The main result of the paper says that if \(I\) is a \(\sigma\)-ideal on \(X = \omega^\omega\) such that \(P_I\) is proper and has the continuous reading of names, then \(Q_{\text{tr}(I)}\) is proper as well, and \(Q_{\text{tr}(I)}\) is a two-step iteration of \(P_I\) and an \(\aleph_0\)-distributive forcing. Given ideals \(J\) and \(L\) on \(\omega\), \(L\) is Katětov reducible to \(J\) (\(L \leq_K J\) in symbols) if there is a function \(f: \omega \to \omega\) such that \(f\)-preimages of \(L\)-small sets are \(J\)-small. A forcing destroys an ideal \(L\) on \(\omega\) if it introduces an infinite subset of \(\omega\) which has finite intersection with all ground model sets from the ideal \(L\). A second main result of the paper says that if \(I\) is a \(\sigma\)-ideal on \(\omega^\omega\) such that \(P_I\) is proper and has the continuous reading of names, and if \(L\) is an ideal on \(\omega\), then the following are equivalent: 1.) there is a condition in \(P_I\) which forces that \(L\) is destroyed; 2.) there is a \(\text{tr}(I)\)-positive set \(a\) such that \(L \leq_K \text{tr}(I) \restriction a\).