The homotopy category of flat modules, and Grothendieck duality (Q958172)

The author discuss how the recent results of \textit{H. Krause} [Compos. Math. 141, No. 5, 1128--1162 (2005; Zbl 1090.18006)] and \textit{P. Jørgensen} [Adv. Math. 193, No. 1, 223--232 (2005; Zbl 1068.18012)] can be used for a new approach to Grothendieck duality theory. The main theorem of Krause asserts that if \(\mathbf A\) is a locally noetherian Grothendieck category, then the homotopy category of degreewise injective chain complexes of \(\mathbf A\) is a compactly generated triangulated category and the full subcategory of compact objects triangulately equivalent to the bounded derived category of \(\mathbf A\). The theorem of Jørgensen asserts that if \(R\) is left and right coherent and satisfying some additional conditions then the homotopy category of degreewise projective chain complexes of \(R\)-modules is also compactly generated triangulated category. The author explains how to deduce the Grothendieck duality for affine schemes from these statements. Since Grothendieck duality as well as the theorem of Krause hold for non-affine schemes it is natural to look for generalization of the theorem of Jørgensen for non-affine schemes. This is highly nontrivial because of lack of projective objects in the category of quasi-coherent sheaves over non-affine schemes. The author improves the theorem of Jørgensen in several directions. He proves that for any ring \(R\) the homotopy category of degreewise projective chain complexes of \(R\)-modules is so called \(\aleph_1\)-compactly generated and hence satisfies Brown representability, but in general need nit be compactly generated. Moreover, he shows that if \(R\) is right coherent then it is compactly generated. The another major result of the paper asserts that the homotopy category of degreewise projective chain complexes of \(R\)-modules is equivalent to a Verdier quotient of the homotopy category of degreewise flat chain complexes of \(R\)-modules. Since flat objects exists over any schemes this result implies that for any scheme one can define a triangulated category which for affine schemes coincides to the homotopy category of degreewise projective chain complexes. This result opens new perspectives in theory of derived categories of schemes.