A new characterization for the \(m\)-quasiinvariants of \(S_n\) and explicit basis for two row hook shapes (Q958744)

The space of \(m\)-quasiinvariants has been defined for any Coxeter group by \textit{M. Feigin} and \textit{A. P. Veselov} [Int. Math. Res. Not. 2002, No. 10, 521--545 (2002; Zbl 1009.20044)]. For the symmetric group \(S_n\), a polynomial \(P\in\mathbf R=\mathbb Q[x_1,\dots,x_n]\) is \(m\)-quasiinvariant if \((x_i-x_j)^{2m+1}|(1-(i,j))P\) for every transposition \((i,j)\). The case \(m=0\) gives the ring of symmetric functions \(\Lambda_n\). In this paper the authors give a new characterization of the space \(\mathbf{QI}_m\) of \(m\)-quasiinvariants of \(S_n\), use this to provide an explicit basis for the isotypic component indexed by the partition \([n-1,1]\), and then obtain a few interesting consequences. Any \(S_n\)-module \(W\) has a decomposition \(W=\bigoplus_{T\in ST(n)}\gamma_T W\), where \(ST(n)\) is the set of standard tableaux of size \(n\), and \(\gamma_T\) is a parameter of \(T\) (see p1337); the isotypic component of \(W\) indexed by a partition \(\lambda\) is \(\bigoplus_{T\in ST(\lambda)}\gamma_T W\), where \(ST(\lambda)\) is the set of standard tableaux of shape \(\lambda\). The main result gives a new characterization of the space of \(m\)-quasiinvariants of \(S_n\): \(\mathbf{QI}_m=\bigoplus_{T\in ST(n)}(\gamma_T\mathbf R\cap V_T^{2m+1}\mathbf R)\) (Theorem 1), where \(V_T=\prod(x_i-x_j)\), the product taken over all \(i,j\) which occur in the same column of \(T\). Let \(\mathbf{QI}_m^{\ast}=\mathbf{QI}_m/\langle e_i\rangle\), where \(e_i, 1\leq i\leq n\), are the elementary symmetric functions. If \(T\) has shape \([n-1,1]\), the authors show that \(\gamma_T\mathbf{QI}_m^{\ast}\) has basis \(\{Q_T^{0,m},\dots,Q_T^{n-2,m}\}\), where \(Q_T^{k,m}=\int_{x_1}^{x_j}t^k\prod_{i=1}^n(t-x_i)^m dt\) (Theorem 2). By evaluating these integrals, they then obtain a more explicit description (Theorem 3). The Calogero-Moser operator \(L_m\) acts as second differentiation on the basis \(\{Q_T^{k,m}\}\) (Theorem 4), and this action naturally generalizes the action of \(L_0\) on the polynomial ring \(\mathbf{QI}_0\). Since \(\mathbf{QI}_m\supset\mathbf{QI}_{m+1}\supset\Lambda_n\), any basis for \(\mathbf{QI}_{m+1}\) can be written in terms of a basis for \(\mathbf{QI}_m\) over \(\Lambda_n\). The change of basis matrix is shown to be a scalar multiple of \((\Delta_n)^{n!}\), where \(\Delta_n\) is the Vandermonde determinant (Theorem 5). The paper concludes with a few open problems suggested by the results obtained.