A criterion for integral structures and coefficient systems on the tree of \(\mathrm{PGL}(2,F)\) (Q959034)

Let \(p\) be a prime number, \(q\) a power of \(p\), let \(F\) be a local non-Archimedean field of characteristic \(0\) or \(p\), with ring of integers \({\mathcal O}_F\) and residue field \(k_F=\mathbb F_q\), and let \(E/F\) be a finite field extension. Let \(G\) be the group of \(F\)-rational points of a reductive \(F\)-group. An irreducible locally algebraic \(E\)-representation of \(G\) is the tensor product \(V=V_{\text{sm}} \otimes_E V_{\text{alg}}\) of a smooth \(E\)-representation \(V_{\text{sm}}\) of \(G\) and an algebraic \(E\)-representation \(V_{\text{alg}}\) of \(G\). One may ask which such \(V\) admit an integral structure, i.e., a \(G\)-stable \({\mathcal O}_E\)-free \({\mathcal O}_E\)-submodule containing an \(E\)-basis of \(V\). This problem is of great relevance for the expected \(p\)-adic local Langlands correspondence which would relate \(p\)-adic continuous finite dimensional \(E\)-representations of the absolute Galois group \(\text{Gal}_F\) of \(F\) with admissible representations of \(G\) on Banach spaces over \(E\). One easily figures out certain very clean necessary conditions on \(V\) to admit an integral structure. One may expect that these conditions are also sufficient, but at present the results in this direction are very meager. This paper deals with the case \(G=\text{GL}_2(F)\) only and introduces the following nice idea to attack the problem. Following a construction of Schneider and Stuhler one may associate to \(V\) a coefficient system on the Bruhat-Tits tree \({\mathcal T}\) associated with \(G\). The \(G\)-representation \(V\) may be reconstructed from it as its \(0\)-th homology group. One may therefore try to find an integral structure in the coefficient system assigned to \(V\) and then hope that its 0-th homology group provides an integral structure in \(V\). In fact, given the necessary conditions on \(V\) mentioned above, finding an integral structure in the coefficient system assigned to \(V\) is easy, the difficult point is to verify that its 0-th homology group indeed is an integral structure in \(V\). An investigation of the problems arising leads to a necessary and sufficient integrality condition on \(V\) (to be thought of as `local on \({\mathcal T}\)', although it can be formulated without reference to \({\mathcal T}\) and to coefficient systems). Moreover, an algorithmic approach to check whether this condition holds true is presented. The two main example classes to which the method is applied (and for which the existence of integral structures is proved) are: firstly, the case where \(V_{\text{sm}}\) is the Steinberg representation and \(V_{\text{alg}}\) is arbitrary, and secondly the case where \(V_{\text{alg}}\) is trivial and \(V_{\text{sm}}\) is a moderately ramified principal series representation satisfying the `obvious' integrality conditions mentioned above. There is also a short discussion of how the results insert themselves into the topic of supersingular mod-\(p\)-representations of \(G\).