Minimal CM liftings of supersingular elliptic curves (Q959035)

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve defined over \(\mathbb Q\). Let \(\pi_0(x)\) be the number of primes \(p<x\) such that \(p\) is a supersingular prime of \(E\). A conjecture of Lang and Trotter states that \[ \pi_0(x)=\bigl(C_E+o(1)\bigr) {\sqrt{x}\over \log x}, \] for some explicit constant \(C_E>0\) depending on \(E\). \textit{N. Elkies} [Invent. Math. 89, 561--567 (1987; Zbl 0631.14024)] proved that \(\pi_0(x)\) goes to infinity as \(x\) goes to infinity. In 1991, Elkies and Murty have observed [cf. \textit{N. D. Elkies}, in: Journées arithmétiques, Exp. Congr., Luminy/Fr. 1989, Astérisque 198--200, 127--132 (1991; Zbl 0754.14019)] that if for every supersingular prime \(p\) of \(E\), the curve \(E\mod p\) defined over \(\mathbb F_p\) can be lifted to an elliptic curve with complex multiplications by an imaginary quadratic order of discriminant \(-D\), for some \(D<<p^{\theta}\), then \[ \pi_0(x)<<x^{3\theta \over 2}. \] Using a result proved by \textit{M. Kaneko} [Osaka J. Math. 26, No. 4, 849--855 (1989; Zbl 0733.14013)], mentioned below, they deduced that \[ \pi_0(x)<<x^{{3\over 4}}. \] Kaneko's result is the following: Every supersingular elliptic curve defined over \(\mathbb F_p\) can be lifted to an elliptic curve with complex multiplications by an imaginary quadratic order of discriminant \(-D\), for some \(D<{4\over \sqrt{3}}\sqrt{p}\). An improvement of Kaneko's result in terms of the exponent \(\theta\) would imply a closer bound to the Lang and Trotter conjecture. The author shows in this paper that Kaneko's result is in fact the best possible. For instance, he proves that for every \(\alpha<{4\over \sqrt{3}}\), there is a constant \(N=N(\alpha)>0\), such that for every prime \(p\equiv 3 \mod 4\) with \(p>N\), there is a supersingular elliptic curve over \(\mathbb F_p\) which can not be lifted to a CM elliptic curve by an imaginary order of discriminant \(-D\), with \(D<\alpha \sqrt{p}\). The author also proves a result suggested by Elkies, that if every supersingular elliptic curve over \(\overline {\mathbb F_p}\) can be lifted to a CM elliptic curve by an imaginary order of discriminant \(-D\), for some \(D<<p^{\theta}\), then \(\theta\geq {2\over 3}\).