On a model of diffusion of population (Q960311)

This paper studies a stationary linear model for the diffusion of a population in an \(n\)-dimensional domain \(\Omega\). To be precise, the work analyzes existence and uniqueness of solutions to the elliptic PDE: \[ -\Delta u +u \circ \varphi =f \tag{\(*\)} \] vanishing on the boundary of the domain. The study is restricted to weak solutions, i.e., \(u \in H_0^1 (\Omega )\). The results established in the paper depend in an essential manner on the properties (injectivity and regularity) of function \(\varphi\), as well as on the size and shape of \(\Omega\). The main results can be summarized as follows: {\parindent=7mm \begin{itemize}\item[(1)] Existence and uniqueness results when \(\varphi\) is close to the identity. \item[(2)] Existence and uniqueness results when the term \(u \circ \varphi\) is negligeable with respect to the diffusion term. \item[(3)] A Fredholm alternative theorem for the equation \((*)\). \item[(4)] Examples of non-existence and non-uniqueness of solutions to \((*)\). \item[(5)] Asymptotic analysis of a singular perturbation problem associated to the equation \((*)\). \end{itemize}}