Random curves by conformal welding (Q960987)

Given a Jordan curve \(\Gamma\) in the extended plane \(\overline{\mathbb C}\), let \(f_+\) and \(f_-\) be Riemann mappings of the unit disk \(\mathbb D\) and its complement \(\mathbb D_{\infty}\) onto the components \(\Omega_+\) and \(\Omega_-\) of \(\overline{\mathbb C}\setminus\Gamma\). Both \(f_+\) and \(f_-\) are extended continuously to the unit circle \(\mathbb T\). Then \(\phi=f_+^{-1}\circ f_-\) is a homeomorphism of \(\mathbb T\). In this welding problem, the authors study the converse problem of finding \(\Gamma\), \(f_+\), \(f_-\) for a given \(\phi\). They solve the problem for a random, locally scale invariant set of homeomorphisms \(h_{\omega}\). For a Borel measure \(\tau\) without atoms, let a homeomorphism \(h: [0,1)\to[0,1)\) be given by \(h(t)=\tau([0,t))/\tau([0,1))\). A class of homeomorphisms \(h\) is obtained if \(\tau\) is formally proportional to \(e^{\beta X(t)}dt\), \(\beta\geq0\), and the random field \(X\) has the covariance \[ \mathbb EX(t)X(t')=-\log|e^{2\pi it}-e^{2\pi it'}|. \] Introduce a regularization \(X_{\epsilon}\), \(\epsilon>0\), which is almost surely continuous. Almost surely, the weak limit of the Borel measure \[ \tau(dz)=\lim_{\epsilon\to0}e^{\beta X_{\epsilon}(z)}/\mathbb E e^{\beta X_{\epsilon}(z)}\;dz \] exists and defines a non-atomic random Borel measure on \([0,1)\). The main result of the article is Theorem 1.1: For \(\beta^2<2\), almost surely in \(\omega\), the above formulas define a Hölder continuous circle homeomorphism such that the welding problem has a solution \(\Gamma\), where \(\Gamma\) is a Jordan curve bounding a domain \(\Omega=f_+(\mathbb D)\) with a Hölder continuous Riemann mapping \(f_+\). For a given \(\omega\), the solution is unique up to a Möbius map of the plane.