Subspace structure of Lorentz \(L_{p,q}\) spaces and strictly singular operators (Q961080)

This paper deals with the subspace structure of Lorentz \(L_{p,q}\) spaces and the strictly singular operators defined on them, i.e., operators that are never an isomorphism when restricted to any infinite-dimensional subspace. From a technical point of view, the main tool that the author uses is a sophisticated version of the Kadec-Pełczyński dichotomy for Banach lattices for the case of subspaces of Lorentz spaces. After proving some results concerning copies of \(\ell_p\) in \(L_{p,q}\) (Section 3), the author centers his attention on strictly singular operators in these spaces (Section 4). Some relevant results are obtained. Regarding subspaces, the main result of Section 3 (Theorem 3.4) states that in a subspace \(X\) of \(L_{p,q}(0,1)\) \((1 <p \leq q < 2)\) which contains \(\ell_p^n\)'s uniformly, the norm of \(L_{p,q}\) and that of \(L^1\) are not equivalent in \(X\). For strictly singular operators, Theorem 4.1 states that, for an operator \(T: L_{p,q} \to L_{p,q}\) with \(1 <p < \infty\) and \(1 \leq q < \infty\), being strictly singular is equivalent to being \(\ell_q\)-singular and \(\ell_2\)-singular. The relation between the strict singularity of \(T\) and \(T^*\) is given in Theorem 4.3. Let \(1 < p,q < \infty\) and \(T:L_{p,q} \to L_{p,q}\) and consider the following statements. (1) \(T\) is strictly singular. (2) \(T^*\) is strictly singular. If \(2 \leq p < \infty\) or \(1<p<2\) and \(q \notin (p,2)\), then the implication (2)\(\Rightarrow\)(1) holds. Similarly, if \(1<p \leq 2\) or \(2 <p< \infty\) and \(q \notin (2,p)\), then \((1)\Rightarrow(2)\) holds. The paper provides a deep overview of the structure of Lorentz spaces and of the use of the modern techniques of the analysis of strictly singular operators on Banach lattices.