On the generic existence of periodic orbits in Hamiltonian dynamics (Q962231)

Let \((M,\omega)\) be a closed, symplectic manifold. Recall that \(M\) is said to be monotone (negatively monotone) if \([\omega]|_{\pi_2(M)}= \lambda c_1(M)|_{\pi_2(M)}\) for some nonnegative (respectively, negative) constant \(\lambda\), and we say \(M\) is rational if \(\langle[\omega],\pi_2(M)\rangle= \lambda_0\mathbb{Z}\), i.e., the integrals of \(\omega\) over spheres in \(M\) form a discrete subgroup of \(\mathbb{R}\). (When \(\langle[\omega], \pi_2(M)\rangle= \infty\).) The constants \(\lambda\) and \(\lambda_0\geq 0\) are referred to as the monotonicity and rationality constants. The positive generator \(N\) of the discrete subgroup \(\langle c_1(M),\pi_2(M)\rangle\subset\mathbb{R}\) is called the minimal Chern number of \(M\). Let \(H: \mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}\times M\to\mathbb{R}\) be a one-periodic (in time) Hamiltonian and \(\phi\) be the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of \(M\). A fixed point \(x\) of \(\phi\) is said to be nondegenerate if \(1\) is not an eigenvalue of \(D\phi_x: T_xM\to T_xM\). If all periodic points of \(\phi\) are nondegenerate, we call it a strongly nondegenerate Hamiltonian diffeomorphism. We will denote the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of \(M\), equipped with the \(C^\infty\)-topology by \(\text{Ham}(M,\omega)\). In the paper under review, two theorems are proved. I: Assume that \(n+ 1\leq N<\infty\). Then, strongly nondegenerate Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms with infinitely many periodic orbits form a \(C^\infty\)-residual set in \(\text{Ham}(M,\omega)\). II: Assume that \(M\) is monotone or negatively monotone with monotonicity constant \(|\lambda|<\infty\). (i) Then, strongly nondegenerate Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms with infinitely many periodic orbits form a \(C^\infty\)-residual set in the Hofer ball \({\mathcal B}:= \{\phi\in\text{Ham}(M,\omega)\mid\|\phi\|< \lambda_0\}\), where \(\lambda_0\) is rationality constant of \(M\). (ii) Assume in addition that \(M\) is monotone and there exist \(u,w\in H_{*<2n}(M)\) and \(\alpha\in A\) such that \([M]= (\alpha u)*w\) and \(2n\)-\(\deg u< 2N\). Then, strongly nondegenerate Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms with infinitely many periodic orbits form a \(C^\infty\)-residual set in \(\text{Ham}(M, \omega)\). The authors mention that the only known monotone manifold to which the theorem I applies is \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\). There are also considered symplectomorphisms of the two-torus with irrational flux. The authors show that a symplectomorphism necessarily has infinitely many periodic orbits if it has one and all periodic points are nondegenerate. Finally, we should add that in the paper under review the analogs of theorem I and II for Reeb flows are considered.