Fixed points of discontinuous multivalued operators in ordered spaces with applications (Q963613)

Let \((E, \leq)\) be a partially ordered topological vector space. For \(u_0 \in E\), define \(K_{u_0}=\{x \in E: u_0 \leq x\}\). Let \(\Omega \subseteq K_{u_0}\). As usual, let \(2^E\) denote the set of all subsets of \(E\). A subset \(\Gamma\) of \(2^E\) is said to be \textit{(supremum-closed or) sup-closed} if the supremum (with respect to the given partial order) of each countable subset of \(\Gamma\) (if it exists) belongs to \(\Gamma\). (A multivalued operator) \(A: \Omega \longrightarrow 2^E\) is said to \textit{have sup-closed values} if \(Ax\) is sup-closed for each \(x \in \Omega\). The authors of the paper under review establish their fixed point result in the framework where certain assumptions (I, II and III, below) are satisfied. {\parindent8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(I):] If \(C=\{{x_n} \} \subseteq K_{u_0}\) is totally ordered such that \(C \subseteq cl {\{\{x_1}\} \cup A(C)\}\) (``cl'' stands for the topological closure), then \(C\) has a supremum. \item[(II):] \(A\) is increasing upwards (meaning: for all pairs \(u,v \in \Omega\) with \(u \leq v\), if \(x \in A(u)\), then there exists \(y \in A(v)\) such that \(x \leq y\)) and satisfies \(u_0 \leq A(u_0)\) (for subsets \(P,Q\) of \(E\), the notation \(P \leq Q\) signifies that, for every \(p \in P\), there exists \(q \in Q\) such that \(p \leq q\)). Suppose that \(x \in \Omega\) satisfies the condition that there exists \(u \in A(x)\) such that \(x \leq u\). Define \(C(x)=\{x,u_1,u_2,\dots,u_n,\dots\}\), with the sequence \(\{u_n\}\) being constructed in a certain specific manner, employing assumption (II) that \(A\) is increasing upwards. Set \(D(x)=C(x) \cup \{ w(x) \}\), where \(w(x) = \sup C(x)\) (which is shown to exist under assumption (I)). For any \(x\) satisfying the condition as above, let \(\mathcal C (x)\) and \(\mathcal D (x)\) denote the families of \(C(x)\) and \(D(x)\), respectively. Set \(\mathcal W (x)=\{ w(x): w(x) \leq x^*\) for some \(x^* \in A(w(x)) \}\). (It is shown that \(\mathcal W (u_0) \neq \varnothing\)). Finally, define \(X(u_0)=\{u:\) there exists \(D(u_0) \in \mathcal D (u_0)\) such that \(u \in D(u_0) \}\). \item[(III):] \(\mathcal W (u_0) \subseteq cl {\{A(X(u_0))\}}\). \end{itemize}} The authors show (the fixed point inclusion) that there is at least one \(x^* \in K_{u_0}\) such that \(u^* \in A(u^*)\). They also proceed to prove the existence of ``minimum'' and ``maximum'' fixed points (with respect to the given partial order). As an application, an existence result for integral inclusions of a certain Hammerstein type multivalued operator is proved.