Models of \(\mu _{p^{2},K}\) over a discrete valuation ring (Q965178)

Let \(R\) be a Noetherian ring and let \(A\) be a commutative \(R\)-Hopf algebra which is locally free of finite rank as an \(R\)-module. Then the corresponding \(R\)-group scheme \(G=\text{Spec}\;A\) is a finite, flat group scheme over \(\text{Spec}\;R\). Suppose that \(R\) is a local Dedekind domain, that is, suppose that \(R\) is a discrete valuation ring, and let \(K\) denote its field of fractions. Let \(\mu_{p^n,K}\) be the multiplicative group over \(K\) of the \(p^n\)th roots of unity. One has \(\mu_{p^n,K} = \text{Spec}\;K[X]/(X^{p^n}-1)\), \(X\) indeterminate, and so, \(\mu_{p^n,K} \cong \text{Spec}\;KC_{p^n}\) where \(C_{p^n}\) denotes the cyclic group of order \(p^n\). A model of \(\mu_{p^n,K}\) is a finite, flat \(R\)-group scheme \(G\) so that \(G\times \text{Spec}\;K\cong \mu_{p^n,K}\). Note that the representing algebra of a model of \(\mu_{p^n,K}\) is an \(R\)-Hopf order in \(KC_{p^n}\), and the problem of classifying all of the Hopf orders in \(KC_{p^n}\) has been studied by various authors, see \textit{L. N. Childs} and \textit{R. G. Underwood} [Am. J. Math. 125, No. 6, 1295--1334 (2003; Zbl 1041.16026); Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 358, No. 3, 1117--1163 (2006; Zbl 1084.16013)]. In the paper under review, the author has translated this problem to the study of models of \(\mu_{p^n,K}\), focusing on the cases \(n=1,2\). Suppose that \(R\) contains a primitive \(p^2\)nd root of unity. Let \(\pi\) be a uniformizing parameter of \(R\) and let \(e\) denote the ramification index of \(p\) in \(R\). Let \(s\) be an integer \(s\geq 0\), let \(T\) be an indeterminate and suppose that \(F(T)\in (R/\pi^sR)[T]\). Then the polynomial \(\tilde F(T)\in R[T]\) is a lift of \(F(T)\) if \(\tilde F(T)\equiv F(T)\mod (R/\pi^sR)[T]\). One of the main results in this paper is the following (Theorem 3.37). Let \(G\) be a model of \(\mu_{p^2,K}\). Then there exist integers \(r,s\geq 0\), \(r\geq s\), \(r\leq e/(p-1)\), so that \(G\cong \text{Spec}\;(R[T_1,T_2]/N)\) where \(N\) is the ideal of \(R[T_1,T_2]\) generated by \((1+\pi^rT_1)^p/\pi^{pr}\) and \(((\tilde F(T_1)+\pi^sT_2)^p(1+\pi^rT_1)^{-1}-1)/\pi^{ps}\), and \(\tilde F(T_1)\) is a lift of \(\sum_{k=0}^{p-1} (a^k/k!) T_1^k\) for a certain \(a\in R/\pi^sR\). Incidentally, an explicit lift is given in [\textit{R. Underwood}, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 349, No. 4, 1503--1514 (1997; Zbl 0957.16010)]. The author also shows (Lemma 3.13) that a given model \(G\) of \(\mu_{p^2,K}\) is the kernel of an isogeny \(\Psi: W\rightarrow W'\) of \(R\)-group schemes. Consequently, there exists a short exact sequence of group schemes (in the faithfully flat topology) \(1\rightarrow G\rightarrow W\rightarrow W'\rightarrow 1\) which over \(K\) is the Kummer sequence \(1\rightarrow \mu_{p^2,K}\rightarrow G_{m,K}^2\rightarrow G_{m,K}^2\rightarrow 1\).