Dirichlet expression for \(L(1,\chi)\) with general Dirichlet character (Q968052)

Let \(L(s,\chi)\) denote the Dirichlet \(L\)-series of a real Dirichlet character. In Dirichlet's famous work on the class number formula, the value of the \(L\)-series at \(s = 1\) is expressed as a finite sum as follows: \[ L(1,\chi) = \begin{cases} -\frac{\pi}{|d|^{3/2}} \sum_{1\leq a \leq |d|} a \left(\frac{d}{a}\right), &\text{if \(d < 0\);} \\ -\frac{1}{d^{1/2}} \sum_{1\leq a \leq d} \left(\frac{d}{a}\right) \log\sin \frac{\pi a}{d}, &\text{if \(d > 0\).} \end{cases} \] Here Kronecker's symbol \((d/a)\) is used to denote the real primitive character. It is natural to ask whether the corresponding expression for \(L(1, \chi)\) holds for any general primitive Dirichlet character \(\chi \pmod{q}\), where \(q\) is an integer greater than or equal to 2. \quad In this short note, the author provides a simple and elegant argument which demonstrates that the above expressions for \(L(1, \chi)\), with obvious modifications, are valid for the general primitive Dirichlet character \(\chi\). His theorem can be summarized as follows: For any primitive Dirichlet character \(\chi \pmod{q}\), where \(q\) is an integer greater than or equal to 2, one has \[ L(1, \chi) = \begin{cases} -\frac{1}{\tau(\overline{\chi})} \sum_{1 \leq a \leq q} \overline{\chi}(a) \log\sin \frac{\pi a}{q}, &\text{if \(\chi\pmod{q}\) is even;} \\ -\frac{\pi i}{\tau(\overline{\chi})} \sum_{1 \leq a \leq q} \frac{a}{q} \overline{\chi}(a), &\text{if \(\chi\pmod{q}\) is odd.} \end{cases} \] Here \(\tau(\chi) = \sum_{1 \leq a \leq q} \chi(a) e^{2\pi i a / q}\).