The generalized Cassels-Tate dual exact sequence for 1-motives (Q971479)

A Deligne 1-motive over a global field \(K\) is a complex \((Y \to G)\), where \(G\) is a semi-Abelian variety over \(K\) and \(Y\) is étale-locally isomorphic to \({\mathbb Z}^r\) for some \(r \geq 0\). The cohomology of 1-motives therefore generalises that of Abelian varieties, tori and finitely generated Galois modules. The Cassels--Tate dual exact sequence for an Abelian variety \(A\) over a number field \(K\), obtained by Tate under the assumption that \(\text Ш^1(A)\) is finite, is the following exact sequence of cohomology groups: \[ 0 \to H^0(K,A)^\wedge \to \prod_v H^0(K_v,A) \to H^1(K,A^*)^D \to \text Ш^1(A) \to 0 \] where \(\cdot^\wedge\) indicates profinite completion, \(\cdot^*\) indicates the dual Abelian variety and \(\cdot^D\) indicates the dual abelian group. This sequence has been generalised in two directions. \textit{D. Harari} and \textit{T. Szamuely} [Duke Math. J. 143, No. 3, 531--557 (2008; Zbl 1155.14020)] proved an analogous exact sequence for arbitrary 1-motives, again assuming finiteness of \(\text Ш\). On the other hand, the present authors \textit{C. D. González-Avilés} and \textit{K. Tan} [Math. Res. Lett. 14, No. 2, 295--302 (2007; Zbl 1142.11045)] proved a generalised version of the exact sequence for Abelian varieties which is also valid over function fields, and which does not require the hypothesis that \(\text Ш\) be finite. The present article combines these two generalisations into one theorem. The main result is the following. Theorem 1.1: Let \(M\) be a 1-motive over a global field \(K\). Then there exists a canonical exact sequence of profinite groups \[ 0 \to \text Ш^2(M)^D \to T\text{Sel}(M^*)^\wedge \to \prod_v {\mathbb H}^0(K_v, M^*)^\wedge \to \textШ^1_\omega(M)^D \to \textШ^1(M)^D \to 0. \] Section~2 deals with some background information on profinite completions, motives and their cohomology groups. In Section~3, the authors prove an analogue of the Poitou--Tate exact sequence for 1-motives over function fields (Theorem~3.11) and in Section~4 deduce the generalised Cassels--Tate dual exact sequence.