On a problem of Gelfond: the sum of digits of prime numbers (Q974073)

Let \(q\geq 2\) be an integer. Each integer \(n\) can be uniquely written in base \(q\) in the form \[ n=\sum_{k\geq 0}n_kq^k,\quad n_k\in\{0,\ldots,q-1\}. \] Let \(s_q(n)=\sum_{k\geq 0}n_k\) be the sum of digits of \(n\) in the base \(q\). The authors prove: Theorem 1. For \(q\geq 2\) and \(\alpha\) such that \((q-1)\alpha\in{\mathbb R}\setminus{\mathbb Z}\) there exists \(\sigma_q(\alpha)>0\) such that \[ \sum_{n\leq x}\Lambda(n)e(\alpha s_q(n))=O_{q,\alpha}(x^{1-\sigma_q(\alpha)}), \] where \(\Lambda\) is von Mangoldt's function and \(e(x)=\exp(2\pi i x)\). Theorem 2. For \(q\geq 2\) the sequence \((\alpha s_q(p))_{p\in{\mathbb P}}\) is equidistributed modulo \(1\) if and only if \(\alpha\in{\mathbb R}\setminus{\mathbb Q}\). (\({\mathbb P}\) denotes the set of prime numbers.) Theorem 3. For \(q,m\geq 2\) there exists \(\sigma_{q,m}>0\) such that for every \(a\in{\mathbb Z}\) \[ \text{card}\{p\leq x,s_q(p)\equiv a\bmod m \}=\frac{(m,q-1)}{m}\pi(x;a,(m,q-1))+O_{q,m}(x^{1-\sigma_{q,m}}). \]