Generically ordinary fibrations and a counterexample to Parshin's conjecture (Q977114)

This paper considers the Miyaoka-Yau inequality for surfaces defined over fields of positive characteristic. Parshin has conjectured the validity of the Miyaoka-Yau type inequality for a surface of general type over fields of positive characteristic, whose Picard scheme is smooth. The main result is to provide a counterexample to that conjecture. Theorem: For any \(M > 0\), there is a smooth proper surface \(X\) of general type over a finite field whose Picard scheme is smooth and \(c_1 (X) > M c_2 (X)\), so that the Miyaoka-Yau type inequality does not hold. The construction of such a surface rests on the following lemma and its corollary. Lemma: Let \(\pi : X\to C\) be a generically smooth nonisotrivial semistable fibration of a proper smooth surface \(X\) to a proper smooth curve \(C\) over a field of positive characteristic \(p\). If \(\pi : X \to C\) is generically ordinary, then \(\dim H^0 (R^1\pi_*O_X) = \dim H^0 (R^1\pi_*^{(p^n)}O_{X^{p^n}})\), and \(\dim H^1 (O_X) = \dim H^1 (O_{X^{p^n}})\) for any \(n\). As a corollary of the above lemma, the semipositivity theorem is established: The semipositivity theorem: Under the same conditions as in Lemma, all the Harder-Narasimhan slopes of \(R^1\pi_*(O_X)\) are nonpositive. A counterexample is constructed reducing the problem using Lemma to the construction of a generically ordinary nonisotrivial smooth fibration, for which the Picard scheme of the total space is smooth.