On numbers of the form \(n=x^2+Ny^2\) and the Hecke groups \(\mathcal H(\sqrt N)\) (Q977121)

The author considers the problem of representation of integers by positive definite binary quadratic form \(F(x,y)=x^2+Ny^2\) of discriminant \(\Delta=-4N\). For a natural number \(n\), she studies the integer solutions of the quadratic equation \(x^2+Ny^2=n\) by considering the Hecke group \(\mathcal H(\sqrt{N})\), which is the discrete group of \(\text{PSL}(2,\mathbb{R})\) generated by two fractional transformations \(R(z)=-1/z\) and \(T(z)=z+\lambda\), where \(\lambda\in \mathbb{R}, \lambda\geq 2\) or \(\lambda=\lambda_{q}=2\cos(\frac{\pi}{q})\), \(q\in \mathbb{N}\) and \(q\geq 3\).