Infinitesimal group schemes as iterative differential Galois groups (Q979074)

The author considers Galois theory for iterative differential fields (ID-fields) of positive characteristic. The author proves a necessary and sufficient condition to decide whether an infinitesimal group scheme occurs as a Galois group scheme of a Picard-Vessiot extension over a given ID-field. The result solves the inverse ID-Galois problem for infinitesimal group schemes. It also gives a method to determine whether all purely inseparable ID-extensions are Picard-Vessiot extensions. A PV-extension \(E/F\) can be inseparable and in this case the fixed field of \(E\) under the full group of iterative differential automorphisms of \(E\) over \(F\) is strictly bigger than \(F\). Assuming equality, the extension is then called a pseudo-Picard-Vessiot extension (PPV-extension). The author considers purely inseparable PPV-extensions. The author shows that a PPV-extension is purely inseparable if and only if its Galois group scheme is an infinitesimal group scheme and that the exponent of the extension and the height of the group scheme are equal. The main result is as follows: Let \(F\) be an ID-field with \(C_F= K\) perfect. Let \(\widetilde C_l\) denote the maximal subalgebra of \(C_{F_{[l]}\otimes F_{[l]}}\) which is a Hopf algebra with respect to the comultiplication induced by \[ F_{[l]}\otimes_F F_{[l]}\to (F_{[l]}\otimes_F F_{[l]})\otimes F_{[l]}(F_{[l]}\otimes_F F_{[l]}, a\otimes b\to (a\otimes 1)\otimes (b\otimes 1), \] were \(F_{[l]}\) is the unique maximal purely inseparable ID-extension of \(F\) of exponent \(\leq l\). Then an infinitesimal group scheme of height \(\leq 1\) is realizable as ID-Galois group scheme over \(F\) if and only if it is a factor group of \(\text{Spec}(\widetilde C_l)\). In particular, there is a PPV-extension of \(F\) with Galois group scheme \(\text{Spec}(\widetilde C_l)\), and this is the unique maximal PPV-extension which is purely inseparable of exponents \(\leq l\). Let \(F_1= \bigcap^m_{i=1} \text{Ker} (\theta_i)\), where \(\theta_i\) is an (1-variate) iterative derivation induced by an \(m\)-variate iterative derivation \(\theta\). Then the author also shows that if \(E\) is an ID-field and a PPV-extension of some ID-field satisfying \(F_1= F^p\), the infinitesimal group scheme of height \(\leq l\) is realizable as ID-Galois group scheme over \(E\) if and only if it is a factor group of \(\text{Gal}(E_{[l]}/E)\). In addition, it is shown with the same assumptions that \(\text{Gal}(E/F)\) is commutative implies every purely inseparable ID-extension is a PPV-extension of \(E\).