Curvature estimates for stable marginally trapped surfaces (Q982672)

Throughout the paper, \(L\) is a \((3+1)\)-dimensional Lorenz manifold equipped with a 3-dimensional space-like foliation while \(\Sigma\) is a surface contained in one of the leaves (called \(M\)) equipped with the Riemannian structure induced from \(L\). \(\Sigma\) is called a \textit{marginally outer trapped surface} (MOTS) when the two independent future directed null sections \(l^{\pm}\) of the normal bundle of \(\Sigma\) satisfy the condition \(\theta^{\pm} = 0\), \(\theta^{\pm}\) being mean curvatures of \(\Sigma\) corresponding to the directions \(l^{\pm}\). (Note that MOTS's play an important role in general relativity.) Under a stability condition defined in the paper, the authors prove estimates of the \(\sup\)-norm of the second fundamental form \(A\) of \(\Sigma\) in terms of the injectivity radius of \(M\) and \(\sup\)-norms of: (1) the second fundamental form \(K\) of \(M\), (2) its covariant derivative and (3) the Riemannian curvature tensor of \(M\). They prove also a compactness result for MOTS's satisfying suitable bounds of their geometry.