A countercyclical operad on shrubs (Q982743)

The classical operad \({\mathcal C}omm\) of commutative and associative algebras can be embedded in the more recently introduced operad \({\mathcal Z}inb\) of Zinbiel algebras. (Zinbiel or dual-Leibniz algebras are defined by the identity \((x\cdot y)\cdot z=x\cdot(y\cdot z)+x\cdot(z\cdot y)\). The new multiplication \(xy=x\cdot y+y\cdot x\) makes these algebras commutative and associative.) The operad \({\mathcal Z}inb\) has the richer structure of anticyclic operad and the image of \({\mathcal C}omm\) is not an anticyclic suboperad of \({\mathcal Z}inb\). The operad \({\mathcal C}omm\) is also a set-theoretic operad. Forgetting about the additive structure on \({\mathcal Z}inb\), one may consider it also as set-theoretic. The author describes the smallest anticyclic set-theoretic suboperad of \({\mathcal Z}inb\) which contains \({\mathcal C}omm\). For this purpose, he defines new combinatorial objects, called shrubs, such that forests of rooted trees are shrubs. Then he introduces a structure of a set-theoretic operad \({\mathcal A}rb\) on shrubs and shows that \({\mathcal A}rb\) is contained in the Zinbiel operad, by using the inclusion of \({\mathcal Z}inb\) in the operad of moulds. It has turned out that this inclusion is compatible with the structure of anticyclic operad that exists on \({\mathcal Z}inb\) and on moulds. Also, \({\mathcal A}rb\) is the smallest anticyclic suboperad of \({\mathcal Z}inb\) which contains the image of \({\mathcal C}omm\).